ʻO ke ala kūpono e koho ai i nā masks lapaʻau | JINHAOCHENG

Wahi a ka pono kānana liʻiliʻi loa o ke kānana
Ua helu ʻia nā pale maka maʻamau ʻAmelika e ka National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) no kā lākou mea kānana a me ka pono o ka kānana. ʻO ke kūlana ʻAmelika NIOSH 42CFR-84 ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka kānana o ka papa waena o ka pale maka, ʻekolu mau ʻano:

ʻO ke kū ʻana o N no ka Not resistant to oil, hiki ke pale aku i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka uahi ʻaila i hana ʻia e ka kuke ʻana he mau ʻāpana ʻaila, ʻoiai ʻo nā kulu i hana ʻia e ka poʻe e kamaʻilio ana a i ʻole ke kunu ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he ʻaila. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ka mea ʻāpana ʻaila ʻole e pili ana i ka lepo lanahu, ka lepo sima, ka noe waikawa, nā microorganism, a pēlā aku. I ka haumia o ka noe o kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he ʻaila ʻole. ʻO ka mea ʻāpana ʻaila e pili ana i ka uahi ʻaila, ka noe ʻaila, ka uahi asphalt, a pēlā aku.
ʻO R ke kū nei no ke Kūpaʻa i ka ʻaila, hiki ke pale i nā ʻāpana ʻaila ʻole a me nā ʻāpana ʻaila i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, akā i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai no nā ʻāpana ʻaila, ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka manawa hoʻohana ma mua o 8 mau hola.
ʻO P ke kū nei no ka Oil Proof, hiki ke pale aku i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻole a me ka ʻaila. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka moʻo R, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka moʻo P no kahi manawa lōʻihi, ma muli o ka lepili o ka mea hana.
Ma kēia ʻano, maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka pale maka N95. Hoʻāʻo ʻia ka pale maka N95 me nā ʻāpana sodium chloride 0.3 micron, a pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pale ma mua o 95%. Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ka maka o ka mea e ʻaʻahu ana no ka paʻa, ua hōʻoia ʻia e hiki i ka ea ke komo a puka i waho ma o ka pale maka ke kokoke ia i ka lihi o ka maka. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka helu hōʻoia N95 no kēia hoʻāʻo.
He kūlana Kina ʻo KN, a ua like kona ʻano ʻike me ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Wahi a ke kūlana GB2626-2006 o koʻu ʻāina, ua māhele ʻia nā pale maka i nā māhele KN a me KP. ʻO ke ʻano o KN he kūpono nā pale maka no ke kānana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻaila ʻole, a ʻo KP ke ʻano he kūpono nā pale maka no ke kānana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻaila. A me nā ʻāpana ʻaila ʻole. ʻO ka helu ma hope o ka leka e hōʻike ana i ka pae pale o ka pale maka, ʻo ka nui o ka helu.
Pehea e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka pae pale ma waena o nā pale maka maʻamau ʻekolu? ʻIke loa, hiki i ka EU FFP ke kānana i nā ʻāpana ʻaila ʻole a me nā ʻāpana ʻaila i ka manawa like, ʻoiai ʻo N a me KN ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kina hiki ke kānana pono i nā ʻāpana ʻaila ʻole.

No laila, ʻo kā lākou ʻano hana palekana e like me kēia: FFP3>FFP2=N95=KN95>KN90

1. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pale maka lapaʻau maʻamau e ālai i nā pīpī i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka lua waha a me ka lua ihu, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻokahi manawa i nā wahi lapaʻau maʻamau me ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka pale. He kūpono ia no nā hana mālama ola kino maʻamau, e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana moe, a pēlā aku, a i ʻole ka pale a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā microorganism pathogenic e like me ka pollen.
ʻO ke kuleana kūpono loa o nā pale maka 95, ʻo ia ke pale a kāohi i ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi hanu koʻikoʻi, e like me SARS a i ʻole ka maʻi influenza a me ka puka ʻana mai o ka maʻi coronavirus hou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i nā pale maka i hōʻailona ʻia me KN95, N95, FFP2 a me nā kūlana ma luna.
2. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina i loko o ka pae i kuhikuhi mua ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻino o nā pale maka ʻoki ma mua o nā pale maka KN95/N95 i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi influenza. Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Zhong Nanshan, ke alakaʻi o ka hui loea kiʻekiʻe o ke Komisina Ola Lahui e hakakā iā SARS, "ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono e komo i nā pale maka N95. Hiki i nā pale maka laulā ke ālai i ka hapa nui o nā kulu i piha i ka maʻi mai ke komo ʻana i ke ala hanu a pale i ka coronavirus hou. , He mea pono ke komo i ka pale maka.” No laila, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi pale maka N95, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi pale maka ʻoki laulā.
5. Ua māhele ʻia nā pale maka KN95/N95 i ʻelua ʻano, ʻo kekahi he mea hanu olaola a ʻo kekahi he mea hanu lepo.
Ua like ko lākou mau pae palekana, akā ʻokoʻa nā kūlana hoʻokō. ʻO ke kūlana no nā masks bio-protective (medical KN95) ʻo GB19083-2010 "Nā Pono ʻenehana no nā Masks Protective Lapaʻau", i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana lapaʻau a me ke olakino, e like me nā kikowaena pale ahulau, nā haukapila, a me nā kikowaena kaohi maʻi. Hoʻokō ka mea hanu lepo (KN95) i ke kūlana GB2626-2006 "Respiratory Protective Equipment Self-priming Filtered Anti-Particulate Respirator", i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ke eli lanahu, ka hana ʻaila, ka eli ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana eli ʻana.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana ia mea i kahi ʻano maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka pale maka KN95 (a i ʻole N95 inā ʻo ia ke kūlana ʻAmelika) o GB2626-2006. Inā he ʻoihana lapaʻau a i ʻole ka launa pū ʻana me ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi, pono e pale i ka lele ʻana i hana ʻia e ke kahe o ke kino o ka mea maʻi a i ʻole ke koko i pīpī ʻia. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka huʻa, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā pale maka KN95 e hoʻokō ana i ke kūlana GB19083-2010.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, i loko o kahi ʻano pilikia kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā pale maka e hiki ke pale pono i nā maʻi hanu he mau pale maka pale lapaʻau a me nā pale maka ʻoki lapaʻau. ʻO nā pale maka pale lapaʻau, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he KN95 lapaʻau, kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā limahana lapaʻau ma nā keʻena kuni, nā keʻena hoʻokaʻawale, a me nā mea maʻi i hōʻoia ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai lākou. Kūpono nā pale maka ʻoki lapaʻau no ke komo ʻana i nā hihia i manaʻo ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou e nā luna halihali lehulehu a me nā mea holo, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā mea hoʻokele, nā limahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā limahana lawelawe ma nā wahi lehulehu.

E hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā masks:

1. Ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻaila, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka manawa hoʻohana hōʻiliʻili o ka papa R ma mua o 8 mau hola i ka manawa; ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka manawa hoʻohana hōʻiliʻili o ka papa P ma mua o 40 mau hola, a i ʻole hiki i ka manawa hoʻohana hōʻiliʻili i 30 mau lā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea ma mua.
2. ʻAʻole hiki ke holoi ʻia nā pale maka pale me ka wai, no ka mea, ʻo ka holoi ʻana me ka wai e hoʻopau i ka mea kānana a me ke ʻano o ka pale maka; inā ʻaʻole i haumia a hōʻino ʻia paha, a hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana.
3. ʻAʻole he hōʻailona huahana a hōʻailona paha ka pale maka N95. ʻO N95 ka pae haʻahaʻa loa o ke koi ʻana o NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) no ka pae pono kānana o nā mea hanu anti-particulate hana ʻAmelika. ʻO ka pono kānana o nā mea particulate (e like me ka lepo, ka noe pena, ka noe waikawa, nā microorganism, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma ka liʻiliʻi he 95%.
4. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pono kānana o ka pale maka, ʻo ka nui o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hanu ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kau ʻana i nā pale maka N95 no ke kino no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila mai kau iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi.
5. E pili ana i ke alapine (frequency) o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pale maka, ʻaʻohe hopena maopopo i kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu koʻu ʻāina i nā lula pili i ka manawa hoʻohana o nā pale maka. Ua hana kekahi poʻe noiʻi i kahi noiʻi pili i ka pono o ka pale ʻana a me ka manawa e komo ai i nā pale maka pale lapaʻau KN95. Hōʻike nā hopena ua komo nā pale maka KN95 no 2 mau lā, noho ka pono o ka kānana ma luna o 95%, loli iki ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hanu, a emi ka pono o ka kānana i 94.7% ma hope o ke komo ʻana no 3 mau lā.