Indlela efanele yokukhetha imaski yezokwelapha | JINHAOCHENG
izinto, ngaphansi kwemibandela echaziwe,imaski yezokwelapha elahlwayoUmzimba ungahlunga izinto ezincane. Uma inani likhulu, izinga lokuvikela liyanda futhi ukumelana nokuphefumula kukhulu. Amamaski angahlukaniswa abe amazinga amathathu, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuphansi kakhulu okungu-95% kungu-95%, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuphansi kakhulu okungu-99 kungu-99%, kanti ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuphansi kakhulu okungu-100 kungu-99.97%.
Ngokwesigaba esijwayelekile, u-N ophawulwe kumaski umele indinganiso yaseMelika, i-FFP indinganiso yaseYurophu, kanti i-KN indinganiso yaseShayina.
Amamaski ajwayelekile e-FFP aseYurophu aqinisekiswe yiKomidi Lezindinganiso laseYurophu lemishini yokuvikela ukuphefumula. Indinganiso iwukuhlukanisa izinto zokuhlunga zezinhlayiya zibe ukuvikelwa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlayiya eziwuketshezi, ezihlolwa futhi zihlukaniswe yi-NaCL (i-sodium chloride) kanye ne-DOP (i-paraffin oil). Indima ukumunca izinhlayiya eziyingozi, okuhlanganisa uthuli, intuthu, inkungu, igesi enobuthi kanye nomhwamuko onobuthi, njll. ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuhlunga, ukuvimbela ukuthi zingaphefumuli abantu. Izinto zokuhlunga zezinhlayiya eziqinile ezifanelekile zihlukaniswe amazinga amathathu: i-P1 (FFP1), i-P2 (FFP2), kanye ne-P3 (FFP3) ngokwezinga lokungena kwezinhlayiya ezivivinyiwe. Umphumela wokuhlunga omncane we-FFP1 ungu-≥80%, kanti umphumela wokuhlunga omncane we-FFP2 ungu-≥94%. , umphumela wokuhlunga omncane we-FFP3 ≥97%.
Ngokusho kokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuncane kwesihlungi
Amamaski ajwayelekile aseMelika ahlolwa yiNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (I-NIOSH) ngenxa yezinto zabo zokuhlunga kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga. Izinga le-American NIOSH 42CFR-84 linezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqashelwa emhlabeni.
Ngokwezinto zokuhlunga zesendlalelo esiphakathi semaski, kunezinhlobo ezintathu:
I-N imele ukuthi Ayimelani namafutha, okungavikela ezinhlayiyeni ezingenamafutha. Isibonelo, intuthu yamafutha ekhiqizwa ukupheka iyizinhlayiya ezinamafutha, kuyilapho amaconsi akhiqizwa abantu abakhuluma noma abakhwehlelayo engenawo amafutha. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezingenamafutha zibhekisela othulini lwamalahle, uthuli lwesimende, inkungu ye-asidi, amagciwane amancane, njll. Ekungcoleni kwamanje komswakama, iningi lezinhlayiya ezimisiwe azinawo amafutha. Izinto ezingenamafutha zibhekisela kuntuthu yamafutha, inkungu yamafutha, inkungu ye-asphalt, njll.
U-R umele ukuthi Umelana namafutha, okungavikela izinhlayiya ezingenamafutha nezinamafutha ezilengayo, kodwa uma zisetshenziselwa izinhlayiya ezinamafutha, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa akufanele sidlule amahora angu-8.
I-P imele i-Oil Proof, engavikela ezinhlayiyeni ezingenamafutha nezinamafutha ezilengayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nochungechunge lwe-R, uchungechunge lwe-P lungasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kuye ngelebula lomkhiqizi.
Ngale ndlela, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi iyini imaski ye-N95. Imaski ye-N95 ihlolwa ngezinhlayiya ze-sodium chloride ezingama-0.3 micron, futhi izinga lokuvinjelwa kumele libe ngaphezu kwama-95%. Lapho ubuso bomuntu obugqokile buhlolwa ukuqina, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umoya ungangena futhi uphume ngemaski uma useduze nomkhawulo wobuso. Inombolo yesitifiketi se-N95 ikhishwe kulolu vivinyo.
I-KN iyindinganiso yaseShayina, futhi indlela yayo yokuthola ifana neye-United States. Ngokwendinganiso yezwe lami ye-GB2626-2006, amamaski ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ze-KN kanye ne-KP. I-KN isho ukuthi amamaski afanele ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezingezona uwoyela, kanti i-KP isho ukuthi amamaski afanele ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezinamafutha. Kanye nezinhlayiya ezingezona uwoyela. Inombolo ngemuva kohlamvu imelela izinga lokuvikela lemaski, lapho inombolo inkulu khona.
Izinga lokuvikela kufanele liguqulwe kanjani phakathi kwamaski amathathu ajwayelekile ahlukene? Ngokusobala, i-EU FFP ingahlunga izinhlayiya ezingenamafutha kanye nezinamafutha ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho i-N kanye ne-KN e-United States nase-China zingahlunga ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezingenamafutha kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, ifomula yomphumela wabo wokuvikela cishe ithi: FFP3>FFP2=N95=KN95>KN90
1. Amamaski avamile ezokwelapha asetshenziselwa ukuvimba ama-sphalls akhishwa emlonyeni nasempumulweni, futhi angasetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwenhlanzeko kanye kuphela ezindaweni zezokwelapha ezivamile ezinezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuvikelwa. Afanele imisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwempilo ejwayelekile, njengokuhlanzeka, ukulungiswa koketshezi, ukuhlanza amayunithi okulala, njll., noma isithiyo noma ukuvikelwa kwezinhlayiya ngaphandle kwamagciwane abangela izifo njengempova.
Indima ephumelela kakhulu yamaski angu-95 ukuvimbela nokulawula ukusabalala kwezifo zokuphefumula ezinzima, njenge-SARS noma i-influenza kanye nokuqubuka kwe-coronavirus entsha. Ungakhetha amaski abhalwe nge-KN95, N95, FFP2 kanye namazinga angaphezulu.
2. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubekiwe, imaski yokuhlinzwa ayimbi kakhulu kunemaski ye-KN95/N95 ekuvimbeleni umkhuhlane. UZhong Nanshan, umholi weqembu lochwepheshe abaphezulu beKhomishini Yezempilo Kazwelonke yokulwa ne-SARS, uthe futhi, "Eqinisweni, akudingekile ukugqoka imaski ye-N95. Imaski evamile ingavimba iningi lamaconsi agcwele igciwane ukuthi angangeni emgudwini wokuphefumula futhi ivimbele i-coronavirus entsha. , Kuwusizo ukugqoka imaski." Ngakho-ke uma ungakwazi ukuthenga imaski ye-N95, ungakhetha imaski yokuhlinzwa ejwayelekile.
5. Amamaski e-KN95/N95 ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili, enye iwumshini wokuphefumula wezinto eziphilayo kanti enye iwumshini wokuphefumula uthuli.
Amazinga azo okuvikela ayafana, kodwa amazinga okusebenzisa ahlukile. Izinga lamaski avikelayo (i-medical KN95) yi-GB19083-2010 "Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zamaski Avikelayo Ezokwelapha", esetshenziswa ezimbonini zezokwelapha nezempilo, njengeziteshi zokuvimbela ubhubhane, izibhedlela, nezikhungo zokulawula izifo. I-dust respirator (KN95) isebenzisa i-GB2626-2006 "Respiratory Protective Equipment Self-priming Filtered Anti-Particulate Respirator" ejwayelekile, esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nokumba amalahle, ukucutshungulwa kwephethiloli, ukumba kanye nezinye izinkampani zezimboni nezezimayini.
Uma uyisebenzisa endaweni evamile, ungakhetha imaski ye-KN95 (noma i-N95 uma kuyi-standard American) ye-GB2626-2006. Uma kuyisikhungo sezokwelapha noma ukuxhumana nabantu abanegciwane, kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukundiza okubangelwa uketshezi lomzimba wesiguli noma ukuchaphazeka kwegazi. Uma unegciwane le-foam, kufanele usebenzise imaski ye-KN95 esebenzisa indinganiso ye-GB19083-2010.
Ngamafuphi, endaweni enobungozi obukhulu, amamaski angavimbela ngempumelelo izifo zokuphefumula amamaski okuvikela ezokwelapha kanye namamaski okuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha. Amamaski okuvikela ezokwelapha, aziwa nangokuthi i-medical KN95, afanele ukusetshenziswa ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha emitholampilo yomkhuhlane, emagumbini okuhlukaniswa, kanye neziguli eziqinisekisiwe lapho zidluliselwa. Amamaski okuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha afanele ukugqoka amacala okusolwa. Agqokwa yizikhulu zezokuthutha zomphakathi nabagibeli, amatekisi, abashayeli, abasebenzi bezokuhlanza, kanye nabasebenzi bezinsizakalo ezindaweni zomphakathi.
Namathisela izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa amaski:
1. Uma isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinhlayiya ezinamafutha, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuqongelelekayo sekilasi R asidluli amahora angu-8 ngesikhathi; isikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuqongelelekayo sekilasi P asidluli amahora angu-40, noma isikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuqongelelekayo sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-30 kusukela ekuqaleni, noma yikuphi okufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
2. Amamaski okuvikela awakwazi ukugezwa ngamanzi, ngoba ukugeza ngamanzi kuzobhubhisa izinto zokuhlunga kanye nesakhiwo semaski; uma ingangcoliswanga noma yonakele, futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka, ingacatshangelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe kabusha.
3. Imaski ye-N95 akuyona uphawu lokuhweba noma uphawu lomkhiqizo. I-N95 iyisidingo esiphansi kakhulu se-NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) sezinga lokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwama-respirator aseMelika alwa nezinhlayiya. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinto ezincane (njengothuli, inkungu yopende, inkungu ye-acid, ama-microorganisms, njll.) okungenani kungama-95%.
4. Uma imaski ikwazi ukuhlunga kahle, kulapho ukumelana nokuphefumula kuba kukhulu khona. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka imaski ye-N95 isikhathi eside akukuhle emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ungazigqoki isikhathi eside.
5. Ngokuphathelene nokuvama kokufakwa kwemaski, okwamanje akukho siphetho esicacile, futhi izwe lami alikakwenzi imithetho efanele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemaski. Abanye abacwaningi benze ucwaningo olufanele mayelana nokusebenza kahle kokuvikela kanye nesikhathi sokugqoka imaski yokuvikela yezokwelapha ye-KN95. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi imaski ye-KN95 igqokwa izinsuku ezi-2, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kuhlala kungaphezu kwama-95%, ukumelana nokuphefumula akushintshanga kangako, kanti ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwehla ku-94.7% ngemva kokugqoka izinsuku ezi-3.
1.Kukangaki ishintshwa imaski yezokwelapha elahlwayo
2.Imaski yezokwelapha, imaski yokunakekela, imaski yokuhlinzwa, imaski engeyona eyokuhlinzwa
3.Ukusebenzisa imaski engalungile akusho ukuthi akukho ukuvimbela imaski ye-N95
4.Imibandela yokusebenzisa imaski elahlwayo
5.Indlela Yokususa Nokuphonsa Imaski Esetshenzisiwe
6.Indlela Yokuhlukanisa Izinzuzo Nobubi Bemaski Okuhlinzwa Alahlwayo
7.Yini okufanele ngiyiqaphele lapho ngigqoka imaski yobuso elahlwayo
