Indlela echanekileyo yokukhetha iimaski zonyango | JINHAOCHENG
izinto, phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo,imaski yezonyango elahlwayoUmzimba ungahluza izinto ezincinci. Okukhona ixabiso lilikhulu, kokukhona inqanaba lokhuseleko liphezulu kwaye kokukhona ukumelana nokuphefumla kukhulu. Iimaski zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca okuphantsi kwama-95% yi-95%, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca okuphantsi kwama-99 yi-99%, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca okuphantsi kwama-100 yi-99.97%.
Ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo yokwahlulahlula, u-N ophawulwe kwimaski umele umgangatho waseMelika, i-FFP ngumgangatho waseYurophu, kwaye i-KN ngumgangatho waseTshayina.
Iimaski ezisemgangathweni zaseYurophu zeFFP ziqinisekiswe yiKomiti yeMigangatho yaseYurophu yezixhobo zokukhusela ukuphefumla. Umgangatho kukwahlulahlula izinto zokucoca iinxalenye zibe zizinto zokukhusela iinxalenye eziqinileyo kunye nokukhusela iinxalenye ezingamanzi, ezivavanywa kwaye zahlulwe ngeNaCL (sodium chloride) kunye neDOP (paraffin oil). Indima kukufunxa ii-aerosols eziyingozi, kubandakanya uthuli, umsi, inkungu, igesi enobuthi kunye nomphunga onobuthi, njl. ngokusebenzisa izinto zokucoca, ukuthintela ukuba zingaphefumlelwa ngabantu. Izixhobo zokucoca iinxalenye eziqinileyo ezifanelekileyo zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu: i-P1 (FFP1), i-P2 (FFP2), kunye ne-P3 (FFP3) ngokwezinga lokungena kweenxalenye ezivavanyiweyo. Isiphumo esincinci sokucoca seFFP1 yi-≥80%, kwaye isiphumo esincinci sokucoca seFFP2 yi-≥94%. , isiphumo esincinci sokucoca seFFP3 ≥97%.
Ngokwendlela echanekileyo yokuhluza isihluzi
Iimaski ezisemgangathweni zaseMelika zihlolwa yiNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (I-NIOSH) ngenxa yezinto zabo zokucoca kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokucoca. Umgangatho we-American NIOSH 42CFR-84 unomgangatho ophezulu wokwaziwa ehlabathini.
Ngokwezixhobo zokucoca zomaleko ophakathi wemaski, kukho iintlobo ezintathu:
I-N imele ukuba ayixhathisi kwioyile, enokukhusela kwiisuntswana ezingenamafutha. Umzekelo, umsi onamafutha oveliswa kukupheka ziisuntswana ezinamafutha, ngelixa amathontsi aveliswa ngabantu abathetha okanye abakhohlelayo engenamafutha. Ngokubanzi, izinto ezingenamafutha zibhekisa kuthuli lwamalahle, uthuli lwesamente, inkungu yeasidi, iintsholongwane, njl. Kwingcoliseko yangoku yomoya, uninzi lweesuntswana ezixhonyiweyo azinawo amafutha. Izinto ezingenamafutha zibhekisa kumusi onamafutha, inkungu yeoyile, inkungu yeasphalt, njl.
U-R umele i-Resistant to oil, enokukhusela amasuntswana angenamafutha nanamafutha axhonyiweyo, kodwa xa esetyenziselwa amasuntswana anamafutha, ixesha lokusetyenziswa akufuneki lidlule iiyure ezisi-8.
I-P imele i-Oil Proof, enokukhusela kwiisuntswana ezingenamafutha nezingenamafutha. Xa kuthelekiswa nothotho lwe-R, uthotho lwe-P lungasetyenziswa ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kwileyibhile yomenzi.
Ngale ndlela, kulula ukuqonda ukuba yintoni imaski ye-N95. Imaski ye-N95 ivavanywa ngamasuntswana e-0.3 micron sodium chloride, kwaye izinga lokuthintela kufuneka libe ngaphezulu kwama-95%. Xa ubuso bomntu obunxibileyo buvavanywa ukuba buqinile, kuqinisekiswa ukuba umoya ungangena kwaye uphume ngemaski xa ikufutshane nomphetho wobuso. Inombolo yesatifikethi se-N95 ikhutshiwe kolu vavanyo.
I-KN yimigangatho yaseTshayina, kwaye indlela yayo yokuyifumanisa iyafana neye-United States. Ngokwemigangatho ye-GB2626-2006 yelizwe lam, iimaski zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ze-KN kunye ne-KP. I-KN ithetha iimaski zifanelekile ukucoca amasuntswana angengawoyela, kwaye i-KP ithetha iimaski zifanelekile ukucoca amasuntswana angengawoyela. Kwaye amasuntswana angengawoyela. Inani emva konobumba limele inqanaba lokhuseleko lwemaski, kokukhona inani likhulu.
Inqanaba lokhuseleko lifanele liguqulwe njani phakathi kweemaski ezintathu ezahlukeneyo? Ngokucacileyo, i-EU FFP inokucoca amasuntswana angengawoyela kunye nanamafutha ngaxeshanye, ngelixa i-N kunye ne-KN eMelika naseTshayina zinokuhluza kuphela amasuntswana angengawoyela ngempumelelo.
Ke ngoko, ifomula yesiphumo sabo sokukhusela imalunga ne: FFP3>FFP2=N95=KN95>KN90
1. Iimaski zonyango eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvimba ukutshiza okuphuma emlonyeni nakwimpumlo, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukhathalelo lococeko oluqhelekileyo kwiindawo zonyango eziqhelekileyo ezinenqanaba eliphantsi lokhuseleko. Zifanelekile kwimisebenzi yokhathalelo lwempilo ngokubanzi, njengococeko, ukulungiswa kolwelo, ukucoca iibhedi, njl.njl., okanye umqobo okanye ukhuselo lwamasuntswana ngaphandle kweentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezifana ne-pollen.
Eyona ndima isebenzayo yeemaski ezingama-95 kukuthintela nokulawula ukusasazeka kwezifo ezinzima zokuphefumla, ezifana ne-SARS okanye i-influenza kunye nokuqhambuka kwe-coronavirus entsha. Ungakhetha iimaski eziphawulwe nge-KN95, N95, FFP2 kunye nemigangatho engaphezulu.
2. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchazwe kwangaphambili, iimaski zotyando azimbi kuneemaski ze-KN95/N95 ekuthinteleni umkhuhlane. UZhong Nanshan, inkokeli yeqela leengcali eziphezulu zeKhomishini yezeMpilo yeSizwe yokulwa ne-SARS, uthe, "Enyanisweni, akufuneki ukunxiba iimaski ze-N95. Iimaski eziqhelekileyo zinokuthintela uninzi lwamathontsi agcwele iintsholongwane ukuba angangeni kwindlela yokuphefumla kwaye athintele i-coronavirus entsha. , Kuluncedo ukunxiba imaski." Ke ukuba awukwazi ukuthenga imaski ye-N95, ungakhetha imaski yotyando ngokubanzi.
5. Iimaski ze-KN95/N95 zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini, enye yeyokuphefumla ngokwebhayoloji kwaye enye yeyokuphefumla ngothuli.
Amanqanaba azo okhuseleko ayafana, kodwa imigangatho yokusetyenziswa yahlukile. Umgangatho weemaski ezikhuselayo kwi-bio (medical KN95) yi-GB19083-2010 "Iimfuno zobuGcisa zeeMaski eziKhuselekileyo zezoNyango", esetyenziswa kumashishini ezonyango nawezempilo, njengezikhululo zokuthintela ubhubhane, izibhedlele, kunye namaziko olawulo lwezifo. I-dust respirator (KN95) isebenzisa i-GB2626-2006 "Respiratory Protective Equipment Self-priming Filtered Anti-Particulate Respirator" esemgangathweni, esetyenziswa kumashishini afana nokwemba amalahle, ukucutshungulwa kwepetroleum, ukwemba kunye namanye amashishini emizi-mveliso kunye nemigodi.
Ukuba uyisebenzisa kwindawo eqhelekileyo, ungakhetha imaski ye-KN95 (okanye i-N95 ukuba yiyo eqhelekileyo yaseMelika) ye-GB2626-2006. Ukuba liziko lezonyango okanye ukudibana nabantu abanesi sifo, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukubhabha okubangelwa lulwelo lomzimba wesigulana okanye ukuchaphaza kwegazi. Ukuba une-foam, kufuneka usebenzise iimaski ze-KN95 ezisebenzisa umgangatho we-GB19083-2010.
Ngamafutshane, kwindawo enomngcipheko ophezulu, iimaski ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo usulelo lokuphefumla ziimaski zokukhusela zonyango kunye neemaski zotyando lwezonyango. Iimaski zokukhusela zonyango, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-medical KN95, zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bezonyango kwiikliniki zomkhuhlane, kwiiwadi zokwahlukaniswa, kunye nezigulana eziqinisekisiweyo xa zidluliselwa kwenye indawo. Iimaski zotyando lwezonyango zifanelekile ukunxiba amatyala arhanelwayo. Zinxitywa ngamagosa ezothutho lukawonke-wonke kunye nabakhweli, iiteksi, abaqhubi, abasebenzi bococeko, kunye nabasebenzi benkonzo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.
Ncamathisela amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa iimaski:
1. Xa isetyenziselwa ukhuseleko lwamasuntswana anamafutha, ixesha lokusetyenziswa okuqokelelweyo kweklasi R alidluli kwiiyure ezisi-8 ngexesha; ixesha lokusetyenziswa okuqokelelweyo kweklasi P alidluli kwiiyure ezingama-40, okanye ixesha lokusetyenziswa okuqokelelweyo lifikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukususela ekuqaleni, nokuba yeyiphi na eza kuqala.
2. Iimaski zokukhusela azinakuhlanjwa ngamanzi, kuba ukuhlamba ngamanzi kuya kutshabalalisa izinto zokucoca kunye nolwakhiwo lwemaski; ukuba ayonakalanga okanye ayonakalanga, kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno zococeko, ingaqwalaselwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona.
3. Imaski ye-N95 ayilophawu lwentengiso okanye uphawu lwemveliso. I-N95 yeyona mfuneko iphantsi ye-NIOSH (iZiko leSizwe loKhuseleko kunye neMpilo emsebenzini) kwinqanaba lokusebenza kakuhle kwe-respirators yaseMelika echasene nee-particles. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-filtration yezinto ezincinci (ezifana nothuli, i-paint mist, i-acid mist, ii-microorganisms, njl.njl.) ubuncinane yi-95%.
4. Okukhona imaski ikwazi ukuhluza kakuhle, kokukhona ingakwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ukunxiba iimaski ze-N95 ixesha elide akulunganga emzimbeni, ngoko ke musa ukuzinxiba ixesha elide.
5. Ngokuphathelele ukuphindaphindwa kokutshintshwa kweemaski, okwangoku akukho sigqibo sicacileyo, kwaye ilizwe lam alikawenzi mithetho efanelekileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweemaski. Abanye abaphandi benze uphando olufanelekileyo malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko kunye nexesha lokunxiba iimaski zokukhusela zonyango ze-KN95. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iimaski ze-KN95 zinxitywa iintsuku ezi-2, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza kuhlala kungaphezulu kwama-95%, ukumelana nokuphefumla kutshintsha kancinci, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza kwehla ukuya kuma-94.7% emva kokunxiba iintsuku ezi-3.
1.Itshintshwa kangaphi imaski yezonyango elahlwayo
2.Imaski yezonyango, imaski yokonga, imaski yotyando, imaski engeyoyotyando
3.Ukusebenzisa imaski engalunganga akuthethi ukuba akukho thintelo kwiMask ye-N95
4.Iimeko zokusebenzisa iimaski ezilahlwayo
5.Indlela Yokususa Nokuphosa Imaski Esetyenzisiweyo
6.Indlela Yokwahlula Izinto Ezilungileyo Nezingalunganga Zeemaski Zotyando Ezilahlwayo
7.Yintoni endifanele ndiyiqwalasele xa ndinxiba imaski yobuso elahlwayo
