Mene ne dalilan da yasa ake amfani da nau'ikan kimiyyar lissafi daban-daban?abin rufe fuskaIdan aka ƙara fadada kayan kariya na mutum (PPE), waɗanne kayan polymer na musamman da hanyoyin kera kayayyaki ne ke da hannu?
Da wane abu aka yi abin rufe fuska?
Me yasa akwai babban bambanci tsakanin fuskoki daban-daban? Lokacin da nake rubutu, na yanke wani abin rufe fuska mai layuka huɗu wanda aka saba amfani da shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano yadda yake a ciki:
Kamar yadda muka gani, abin rufe fuska ya kasu kashi huɗu. Manyan layuka biyu na waje kayan aiki ne guda biyu masu kama da zane, bakin layin carbon ne mai kunnawa, ɗayan kuma mai kauri ne, wanda yake ɗan kama da napkin. Ƙaramin kayan shafa bayan duba wasu bayanai don fahimta, ban da tsakiyar layin carbon da aka kunna, sauran layuka uku wani nau'in kayan ne da ake kira masana'anta mara saka. Masana'anta mara saka (Sunan Turanci: Masana'anta mara saka ko zane mara saka) kuma ana kiranta Masana'anta mara saka, wanda aka yi da zare mai jagora ko bazuwar. Ana kiransa masana'anta saboda kamanninsa da wasu halaye.
Akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin ƙera kayan da ba a saka ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da tsarin spunbonded, tsarin fesawa na narkewa, tsarin birgima mai zafi, tsarin spunning da sauransu. Zaren da ba a iya amfani da su galibi sune polypropylene (PP) da polyester (PET). Bugu da ƙari, akwai nailan (PA), viscose fiber, acrylic fiber, polypropylene fiber (HDPE), PVC, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, yawancin yadin da ba a saka ba ana samar da su ne ta hanyar amfani da hanyar da aka yi wa spunbonded a kasuwa. Wannan hanyar tana samar da zare mai ci gaba ta hanyar fitar da polymer da kuma shimfiɗa shi, sannan a sanya zare a cikin raga, sannan a haɗa zare da kansa, haɗin zafi, haɗin sinadarai ko ƙarfafa injina, ta yadda zare zare zai zama ba a saka ba. Yadin da ba a saka ba suna da sauƙin gane su. Gabaɗaya, wurin juyawa na yadin da ba a saka ba yana da siffar lu'u-lu'u.
Wani tsari na ƙera kayan da ba a saka ba ana kiransa da needling non-saka masaka. Ka'idar ƙera kayan ita ce a riƙa huda ragar zare akai-akai da gefuna masu kauri da gefuna na sashin alwatika (ko wasu sassan). Lokacin da sandar ta ratsa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa, tana tilasta saman da kuma layin ciki na cibiyar sadarwa zuwa cikin hanyar sadarwa. Saboda gogayya tsakanin zare, hanyar sadarwa mai laushi ta asali tana matsewa. Yayin da allurar ta fita daga raga, sandunan zare suna barin zare, ta yadda zare da yawa zare za su makale a cikin raga kuma ba za su iya komawa yanayinsu na asali mai laushi ba. Bayan lokutta da yawa na allura, ana huda zare da yawa a cikin ragar zare, kuma zare a cikin raga suna haɗuwa da juna, don haka suna samar da kayan da ba a saka ba na allura tare da ƙarfi da kauri.
Amma ramukan yadi biyu marasa saka sun yi girma sosai don dalilai na likita don ware ƙwayoyin cuta a kusan nisan nm 100.
Saboda haka, matsakaicin matakin abin rufe fuska na tiyata an yi shi ne da zane mara saƙa ta hanyar feshi mai narkewa. Samar da zane mara saƙa mai narkewa shine da farko a sanya polymer masterbatch (galibi polypropylene) a cikin extruder sannan a narke shi a cikin extruder a zafin jiki na kimanin 240℃ (don PP). Narkewar ta ratsa famfon aunawa kuma ta isa kan allurar mold. Lokacin da aka fitar da sabon polymer daga spinneret, ƙarshen iskar da aka matse yana aiki akan polymer kuma yana jawo zaren zafi zuwa diamita na 1 ~ 10 m a cikin saurin iska sama da sauti (550m/s). Dangane da halayensa na zahiri, ana kiran irin wannan ragar microfiber net. Waɗannan zare masu ƙarfi tare da capillarity na musamman suna ƙara adadin da yankin saman zare a kowane yanki, don haka suna sa yadudduka da aka fesa da narkewa suna da kyawawan kaddarorin tacewa, kariya, rufi da sha mai. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin iska, kayan tace ruwa, kayan keɓewa, kayan abin rufe fuska da sauran fannoni.
Tsarin tacewa na abin rufe fuska na likitanci shine yaduwar Brownian, interception, inertial collision, gravity settlement da electrostatic adsorption. Huɗu na farko duk abubuwa ne na zahiri, waɗanda sune halayen halitta na yadin da ba a saka ba waɗanda feshi mai narkewa ke samarwa. Ƙarfin tacewa shine kusan 35%. Wannan bai cika buƙatun abin rufe fuska na likita ba. Muna buƙatar yin magani a tsaye akan kayan, sanya zare ya ɗauki caji na lantarki, da amfani da electrostatic don kama aerosol ɗin da sabon Coronavirus ke ciki.
An kama sabon aerosol na Coronavirus (aerosol) ta hanyar sabon shaƙar coronavirus ta hanyar ƙarfin coulomb na zare mai caji. Ka'ida ita ce a sa saman kayan tacewa ya fi buɗewa, ƙwayoyin za su iya kamawa yana da ƙarfi, kuma yawan caji yana ƙaruwa, shaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da tasirin polarization ya fi ƙarfi, don haka matattarar matattarar kayan tacewa marasa najasa da aka narke, dole ne a wuce su don magance su, ba za a iya canzawa ƙarƙashin manufar juriyar numfashi ba, cimma kashi 95% na tacewa, don yin tasiri akan kwayar cutar.
Bayan wani bincike, na fahimci yadda abin rufe fuska yake a hannuna: an yi saman saman ne da wani zane da aka huda da allura wanda ba a saka ba wanda aka yi da PP, kuma saman saman shine saman carbon da aka kunna da kuma wani Layer na feshi na PP.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-29-2020