Zithini izizathu zesayensi yezinto ezibangela ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezintoiimaski?Ukwandisa ngakumbi izixhobo zokuzikhusela zomntu (PPE), zeziphi izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zepolymer kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezibandakanyekayo?
Zenziwe ngezinto ezinjani iimaski?
Kutheni kukho umahluko omkhulu kangaka phakathi kweemaski ezahlukeneyo? Xa ndandibhala, ndavula imaski ye-charcoal esebenzayo enamaleya amane esetyenziswa kakhulu elabhoratri ukuze ndifumanise ukuba injani ngaphakathi:
Njengoko sibona, imaski yahlulwe yangamaleya amane. Amaleya amabini angaphandle zizinto ezimbini ezifana nelaphu, umaleko omnyama yi-activated carbon, kwaye omnye uxineneyo, ofana ne-napkin. I-makeup encinci emva kokukhangela idatha ethile ukuze uyiqonde, ukongeza embindini womaleko we-activated carbon, ezinye iileya ezintathu luhlobo lwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-non-woven fabric. I-Non-woven Fabric (igama lesiNgesi: non-woven Fabric okanye i-Nonwoven cloth) ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Nonwoven Fabric, eyenziwe ngeefayibha eziqondisiweyo okanye ezingacwangciswanga. Ibizwa ngokuba yilaphu ngenxa yembonakalo yayo kunye neempawu ezithile.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo zokwenza amalaphu angalukwanga, kuquka inkqubo ye-spunbonded, inkqubo ye-melting spray, inkqubo ye-hot rolling, inkqubo ye-spuning njalo njalo. Iifayibha eziluhlaza ezinokusetyenziswa ikakhulu yi-polypropylene (PP) kunye ne-polyester (PET). Ukongeza, kukho i-nylon (PA), i-viscose fiber, i-acrylic fiber, i-polypropylene fiber (HDPE), i-PVC, njl.njl.
Okwangoku, uninzi lwamalaphu angalukwanga enziwa ngendlela ye-spunbonded kwimarike. Le ndlela yenza i-filament eqhubekayo ngokukhupha nokusolula i-polymer, emva koko i-filament ifakwa kwi-net, kwaye i-fiber net ibotshelelwe yodwa, i-thermal bonding, i-chemical bonding okanye i-mechanical reinforcement, ukuze i-fiber net ibe yi-non-woven. Amalaphu angalukwanga a-spunbonded kulula ukuwabona. Ngokubanzi, indawo yokuqengqeleka kwamalaphu angalukwanga a-spunbonded imile okwedayimani.
Enye inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokwenziwa kwento engalukwanga ibizwa ngokuba yi-needling non-woven lab. Umgaqo wokwenziwa kwento kukwenza i-fiber net ihlale igqobhoza imiphetho enemiphetho kunye nemiphetho yecandelo le-triangle (okanye amanye amacandelo). Xa i-barb idlula kwi-network, inyanzela umphezulu kunye nomaleko wangaphakathi we-network ungene kwi-network. Ngenxa yokungqubana phakathi kwe-fibers, i-fibre network yokuqala iyacinezelwa. Njengoko inaliti iphuma kwi-net, imisonto ishiywa zii-barbs, ukuze uninzi lwemisonto lubambeke kwi-net kwaye lungakwazi ukubuyela kwimeko yalo yokuqala ethambileyo. Emva kokunxitywa kaninzi, ii-fiber bundles ezininzi zigqobhozwa kwi-fiber net, kwaye ii-fibers kwi-net zibambeke, ngaloo ndlela zenze i-needling non-woven material enamandla athile kunye nobukhulu.
Kodwa iimbobo zelaphu ezimbini ezingalukwanga zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingafunyanwa ziintsholongwane ezimalunga ne-100nm.
Ngoko ke, umaleko ophakathi wemaski yotyando oluqhelekileyo wenziwe ngelaphu elingalukwanga ngokutshiza okunyibilikayo. Ukuveliswa kwelaphu elingalukwanga elinyibilikayo kuqala kukufaka i-polymer masterbatch (ngokubanzi i-polypropylene) kwi-extruder kwaye liyinyibilikise kwi-extruder kubushushu obumalunga nama-240℃ (kwi-PP). Ukunyibilika kudlula kwimpompo yokulinganisa kwaye kufike entlokweni ye-injection mold. Xa i-polymer entsha ikhutshwa kwi-spinneret, isiphelo somoya ocinezelweyo SISEBENZA kwi-polymer kwaye sitsala i-filament eshushu ukuya kwi-1 ~ 10 m ububanzi ngesantya somoya esiphezulu kunesandi (550m/s). Ngokweempawu zayo zomzimba, inethi enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-microfiber net. Ezi fibers ezi-ultrafine ezine-capillarity ekhethekileyo zandisa inani kunye nommandla womphezulu weefiber kwindawo nganye, ngaloo ndlela zenza amalaphu anyibilikisiweyo abe neempawu ezilungileyo zokucoca, zokukhusela, zokuthintela kunye nezokungenisa ioyile. Ingasetyenziswa emoyeni, kwizinto zokucoca ulwelo, izinto zokwahlukanisa, izinto zemaski nakwezinye iindawo.
Indlela yokucoca imaski yezonyango yiBrownian diffusion, interception, inertial collision, gravity settlement kunye ne-electrostatic adsorption. Ezokuqala ezine zonke zizinto ezibonakalayo, eziyimpawu zendalo zamalaphu angalukwanga aveliswa yi-melting spray. Ipropati yokucoca imalunga ne-35%. Oku akufikeleli kwiimfuno zemaski yezonyango. Kufuneka senze unyango olungagungqiyo kwimpahla, senze ifayibha ithwale itshaja yombane, kwaye sisebenzise i-electrostatic ukubamba i-aerosol ekuyo iCoronavirus entsha.
I-aerosol entsha yeCoronavirus (i-aerosol) ibanjwe yi-adsorption entsha ye-coronavirus ngamandla e-coulomb yefayibha etshajiweyo. Umgaqo kukwenza umphezulu wezinto zokucoca uvuleke ngakumbi, amandla okubamba amasuntswana anamandla, kwaye uxinano lwetshaja luyanda, ukufunxwa kwamasuntswana kunye nesiphumo se-polarisation siqine ngakumbi, ngoko ke umaleko wesihluzo sezinto zokucoca ezingalukwanga ezinyibilikisiweyo, kufuneka udlule ukuze ujongane nazo, awunakutshintsha phantsi kwengcamango yokuxhathisa ukuphefumla, ufikelele kwi-95% yokufunxwa, ukuze usebenze ngokuchasene nentsholongwane.
Emva kophando oluthile, ndinokuqonda ngokubanzi ukwakheka kwemaski esandleni sam: umaleko wangaphandle wenziwe ngelaphu elingalukwanga elibhobozwe ngenaliti elenziwe ngePP, kwaye umaleko ophakathi ngumaleko wekhabhoni osebenzayo kunye nomaleko welaphu le-PP melt spray.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-29-2020