Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe sayansi ya zinthu imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu?zophimba nkhope?Kuwonjezera pa zida zodzitetezera (PPE), ndi zipangizo ziti zapadera za polima ndi njira zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Kodi masks amapangidwa ndi zinthu ziti?
N’chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zigoba zosiyanasiyana? Pamene ndinali kulemba, ndinatsegula chigoba cha makala chokhala ndi zigawo zinayi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu labotale kuti ndidziwe momwe chilili mkati:
Monga tikuonera, chigobacho chimagawidwa m'magawo anayi. Magawo awiri akunja ndi zinthu ziwiri zofanana ndi nsalu, gawo lakuda ndi kaboni wochita kukonzedwa, ndipo linalo ndi lokhuthala, lomwe lili ngati napuleti. Zodzoladzola zazing'ono mutafufuza zambiri kuti mumvetse, kuwonjezera pa pakati pa gawo lochita kukonzedwa la kaboni, magawo ena atatu ndi mtundu wa nsalu yotchedwa nsalu yosaluka. Nsalu Yosaluka (dzina la Chingerezi: Nsalu yosaluka kapena nsalu yosaluka) imatchedwanso Nsalu Yosaluka, yomwe imapangidwa ndi ulusi wolunjika kapena wosasinthika. Imatchedwa nsalu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ndi zinthu zina.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya njira zopangira nsalu zosalukidwa, kuphatikizapo njira yopukutira, njira yothira mafuta osungunula, njira yotenthetsera, njira yopopera ndi zina zotero. Ulusi wosaphika womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka ndi polypropylene (PP) ndi polyester (PET). Kuphatikiza apo, pali nayiloni (PA), ulusi wa viscose, ulusi wa acrylic, ulusi wa polypropylene (HDPE), PVC, ndi zina zotero.
Pakadali pano, nsalu zambiri zopanda ulusi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya spunbonded pamsika. Njirayi imapanga ulusi wopitilira potulutsa ndi kutambasula polima, kenako ulusiwo umayikidwa mu ukonde, ndipo ukonde wa ulusi umalumikizidwa wokha, kutentha, mankhwala kapena kulimbitsa makina, kotero kuti ukonde wa ulusi umakhala wosalukidwa. Nsalu zopanda ulusi zokhala ndi spunbonded zimakhala zosavuta kuzizindikira. Kawirikawiri, malo ozungulira a nsalu zopanda ulusi zokhala ndi spunbonded amakhala ngati diamondi.
Njira ina yodziwika bwino yopangira zinthu zopanda ulusi imatchedwa kusoka nsalu yopanda ulusi. Mfundo yopangira zinthu ndi kuboola ukonde wa ulusi mobwerezabwereza ndi m'mphepete mwa minga ndi m'mphepete mwa gawo la katatu (kapena zigawo zina). Pamene mnga umadutsa mu netiweki, umakakamiza pamwamba ndi mkati mwa netiweki kulowa mu netiweki. Chifukwa cha kukangana pakati pa ulusi, netiweki yoyambirira yofewa imapanikizidwa. Pamene singano ikutuluka mu ukonde, ulusi umasiyidwa ndi minga, kotero kuti ulusi wambiri umakokedwa mu ukonde ndipo sungabwerere ku momwe unalili wofewa poyamba. Pambuyo posoka nthawi zambiri, mikanda yambiri ya ulusi imabowoledwa mu ukonde wa ulusi, ndipo ulusi womwe uli mu ukonde umakokedwa wina ndi mnzake, motero amapanga chinthu chosakokedwa ndi ulusi chokhala ndi mphamvu ndi makulidwe enaake.
Koma ma pores a nsalu ziwiri zosalukidwa ndi akulu kwambiri moti sangathe kusiyanitsa mavairasi pa mtunda wa pafupifupi 100nm.
Chifukwa chake, gawo lapakati la chigoba cha opaleshoni limapangidwa ndi nsalu yosalukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito spray yosungunuka. Kupanga nsalu yosalukidwa yosungunuka ndi kusungunula polymer masterbatch (nthawi zambiri polypropylene) ndikuyiyika mu extruder ndikuyisungunula mu extruder kutentha kwa pafupifupi 240℃ (kwa PP). Kusungunuka kumadutsa mu pampu yoyezera ndikufikira mutu wa nkhungu yolowetsedwa. Pamene polima yatsopanoyo yatulutsidwa kuchokera ku spinneret, kumapeto kwa mpweya wopanikizika KUMACHITA pa polima ndikukoka ulusi wotentha kufika pa 1 ~ 10 m m'mimba mwake pa liwiro la mpweya woposa phokoso (550m/s). Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake enieni, ukonde woterewu umatchedwa net microfiber. Ulusi wopyapyala uwu wokhala ndi capillarity yapadera umawonjezera kuchuluka ndi malo a ulusi pa dera lililonse, motero zimapangitsa nsalu zosungunuka kukhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zosefera, zoteteza, zoteteza komanso zoyamwa mafuta. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mumlengalenga, zinthu zosefera zamadzimadzi, zinthu zodzipatula, zinthu zophimba chigoba ndi zina.
Njira yosefera ya chigoba chachipatala ndi Brownian diffusion, interception, inertial collision, gravity settlement ndi electrostatic adsorption. Zinayi zoyambirira ndi zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe ndi makhalidwe achilengedwe a nsalu zopanda ulusi zopangidwa ndi melting spray. Kapangidwe kosefera ndi pafupifupi 35%. Izi sizikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za chigoba chachipatala. Tiyenera kuchita chithandizo chosasuntha pa nsaluyo, kupanga ulusi kunyamula mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito electrostatic kuti tigwire aerosol yomwe Coronavirus yatsopano ilimo.
Aerosol yatsopano ya Coronavirus (aerosol) inajambulidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa kachilombo ka corona kudzera mu mphamvu ya coulomb ya ulusi wodzazidwa. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti pamwamba pa zinthu zosefera pakhale potseguka kwambiri, tinthu timeneti timatha kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumawonjezeka, kulowetsedwa kwa tinthu timeneti ndi mphamvu ya polarization kumakhala kolimba, kotero kuti fyuluta yosaluka ya zinthu zosefera zomwe sizili zolukidwa, ziyenera kupititsidwa kuti zigwirizane nazo, sizingasinthe chifukwa cha kukana kupuma, kukwaniritsa 95% ya kufalikira kwa kachilomboka, kuti zikhale zogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kachilomboka.
Pambuyo pofufuza pang'ono, ndamvetsetsa bwino kapangidwe ka chigoba chomwe chili m'manja mwanga: gawo lakunja limapangidwa ndi nsalu yopanda ulusi yopangidwa ndi singano yopangidwa ndi PP, ndipo gawo lozungulira ndi gawo lopangidwa ndi kaboni komanso gawo la nsalu yothira PP.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-29-2020