Ni izihe mpamvu zishingiye ku ikoreshwa ry'ubwoko butandukanye bwaudupfukamunwa?Uretse ibikoresho byo kwirinda umuntu ku giti cye (PPE), ni ibihe bikoresho byihariye bya polymer n'uburyo bwo gukora birimo?
Udupfukamunwa dukorwa mu ki?
Kuki hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’udupfukamunwa dutandukanye? Ubwo nandikaga, nafunguye agapfukamunwa k’amakara gakoreshwa mu byiciro bine gakunze gukoreshwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo menye uko imbere hameze:
Nkuko tubibona, agapfukamunwa gagabanyijemo ibice bine. Ibice bibiri byo hejuru ni ibikoresho bibiri bisa n'igitambaro, urwego rw'umukara ni karubone ikora, naho urundi ni rurerure, rumeze nk'agatambaro k'inyuma. Ibigize isuku bito nyuma yo gushaka amakuru kugira ngo ubyumve, uretse hagati y'urwego rwa karubone ikora, ibindi bice bitatu ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byitwa imyenda idakora. Igitambaro kidakora (izina ry'Icyongereza: Igitambaro kidakora cyangwa umwenda utari ukora) nacyo cyitwa imyenda idakora, ikozwe mu migozi igororotse cyangwa idakora. Yitwa umwenda bitewe n'imiterere yawo n'imiterere yawo.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imikorere y'imyenda idafunze, harimo uburyo bwo gushonga, uburyo bwo gushonga, uburyo bwo gushyushya, uburyo bwo gushonga n'ibindi. Imigozi mibisi ishobora gukoreshwa cyane cyane ni polypropylene (PP) na polyester (PET). Byongeye kandi, hari nayiloni (PA), fibre ya viscose, fibre ya acrylic, fibre ya polypropylene (HDPE), PVC, nibindi.
Muri iki gihe, imyenda myinshi idafunze ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa spunbond ku isoko. Ubu buryo bukora filament ihoraho binyuze mu gukuramo no kurambura polymer, hanyuma filament ishyirwa mu rushundura, hanyuma filament irahuzwa ubwayo, ubushyuhe bufatana, imiti ifatana cyangwa ikoreshwa mu byuma, ku buryo filament iba idafunze. Imyenda idafunze ifatana biroroshye kuyimenya. Muri rusange, aho imyenda idafunze ifatana imeze nk'iy'idiyama.
Indi nzira isanzwe yo gukora idafunze yitwa gukurura imyenda idafunze. Ihame ryo gukora ni ugutobora urushundura rwa fibre inshuro nyinshi ukoresheje impande n'inkombe z'igice cya mpandeshatu (cyangwa ibindi bice). Iyo urushundura runyuze mu muyoboro, rushyira hejuru n'urwego rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro mu muyoboro. Bitewe n'ubushyamirane buri hagati y'imiyoboro, umuyoboro w'umwimerere upfundikiye urakandamizwa. Iyo urushinge rusohotse mu muyoboro, imiyoboro isigara inyuma n'imiyoboro, ku buryo imiyoboro myinshi ipfunze mu muyoboro kandi ntishobora gusubira uko yari imeze mbere. Nyuma yo gukurura inshuro nyinshi, imiyoboro myinshi ya fibre ipfunze mu muyoboro wa fibre, kandi imiyoboro iri mu muyoboro ipfunze, bityo igakora ibikoresho bidafunze bifite imbaraga n'ubugari runaka.
Ariko imyenge y'imyenda ibiri idafunze ni minini cyane ku buryo idashobora gutandukanya virusi ziri hafi kuri 100nm.
Bityo rero, urwego rwo hagati rw'agapfukamunwa gasanzwe gakozwe mu mwenda utari uboshye hakoreshejwe spray ishongesha. Umusaruro w'umwenda utari uboshye ushongesha ni ukubanza gushyira polymer masterbatch (muri rusange polypropylene) mu gikoresho gishongesha hanyuma kikayishongesha mu gikoresho gishongesha ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 240 (kuri PP). Igikoresho gishongesha kinyura mu ipompo ipima kikagera ku mutwe w'imashini. Iyo polymer nshya ikuwe mu gikoresho gishongesha, impera y'umwuka ufunze IKORA kuri polymer maze igakurura umugozi ushyushye kugeza kuri metero 1 ~ 10 z'umurambararo ku muvuduko w'umwuka urenze ijwi (550m / s). Dukurikije imiterere yayo, urushundura nk'urwo rwitwa microfiber net. Izi fibre nziza cyane zifite capillarity yihariye zongera umubare n'ubuso bw'imigozi kuri buri gice, bityo bigatuma imyenda ishongesha ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura, kurinda, gukingira no kwinjiza amavuta neza. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu mwuka, mu bikoresho bishongesha amazi, mu bikoresho bisora, mu bikoresho bishongesha n'ahandi.
Uburyo bwo kuyungurura bwa mask yo kwa muganga ni Brownian diffusion, interception, inertial collision, gravity settlement na electrostatic adsorption. Ibintu bine bya mbere byose ni ibintu bifatika, ari byo biranga imyenda idafunze ikorwa na spray ishongesha. Imiterere yayo yo kuyungurura ni hafi 35%. Ibi ntabwo bihuye n'ibisabwa na mask yo kwa muganga. Tugomba gukora ubuvuzi buhoraho ku bikoresho, gukora fibre itwara umuriro w'amashanyarazi, no gukoresha electrostatic kugira ngo dufate aerosol Coronavirus nshya irimo.
Aerosol nshya ya Coronavirus (aerosol) yafashwe n'uburyo bushya bwo kuyungurura virusi ya coronavirus binyuze mu mbaraga za coulomb za fibre ifite ingufu. Ihame ni ugutuma ubuso bw'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura burushaho gufunguka, ubushobozi bw'uduce bushobora gufata bufite imbaraga, kandi ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi buriyongera, uburyo bwo kuyungurura uduce n'ingaruka za polarization birushaho gukomera, bityo urwego rw'icyuma cyo kuyungurura cyashongeshejwe n'amazi kidafunze, kigomba kunyuramo kugira ngo gikoreshwe, ntigishobora guhinduka bitewe n'uko gifite imbaraga zo guhumeka, kigere kuri 95% byo kuyungurura, kugira ngo kigire ingaruka nziza ku cyorezo.
Nyuma y'ubushakashatsi, mfite ubumenyi rusange ku miterere y'agapfukamunwa mu ntoki zanjye: urwego rw'inyuma rukozwe mu mwenda udapfundikiye ukozwe muri PP, naho urwego rw'inyuma ni urwego rwa karuboni rukora kandi urwego rwa PP rushonga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-29-2020