He aha ngā take pūtaiao rauemi mō te whakamahinga o ngā momo rauemi rerekēngā kopare?Mō ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE), he aha ngā rauemi polymer motuhake me ngā tukanga hanga e whai wāhi ana?
He aha ngā rauemi e hangaia ai ngā kopare?
He aha te rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā kōpare rerekē? I a au e tuhituhi ana, i tapahia e au tētahi kōpare waro whakahohe paparanga-whā e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te taiwhanga kia kitea ai te āhua o roto:
E kite ana tātou, e whā ngā paparanga o te kopare. Ko ngā paparanga o waho rawa he mea hanga ki te kakahu, ko te paparanga pango he waro whakahohe, ā, ko tētahi he matotoru, he rite ki te tauera. He iti te hanga-ake i muri i te tirotiro i ētahi raraunga hei mārama, hei tāpiri atu ki waenganui o te paparanga waro whakahohe, ko ētahi atu paparanga e toru he momo rauemi e kiia nei ko te kakahu kore-whatu. Ko te Kakahu Kore-whatu (ingoa Ingarihi: Kakahu Kore-whatu, te kakahu Kore-whatu rānei) e kiia ana ko te Kakahu Kore-whatu, he mea hanga ki ngā muka kua tohua, kua matapōkeretia rānei. E kiia ana ko te kakahu nā tōna āhua me ētahi āhuatanga.
He maha ngā momo tukanga hanga mō ngā papanga kore-whatu, tae atu ki te tukanga miro-hono, te tukanga rehu rewa, te tukanga hurihuri wera, te tukanga miro-hono me ētahi atu. Ko ngā muka mata ka taea te whakamahi ko te polypropylene (PP) me te polyester (PET). Hei tāpiri, kei reira te nairona (PA), te muka viscose, te muka kiriaku, te muka polypropylene (HDPE), te PVC, me ētahi atu.
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā papanga kore-whatu ka hangaia mā te tikanga miro-hono i te mākete. Ka hangaia e tēnei tikanga he miro tonu mā te whakaputa me te totoro i te polymer, kātahi ka whakatakotoria te miro ki roto i te kupenga, kātahi ka herea te kupenga muka e ia anō, te hononga wera, te hononga matū, te whakapakari ā-ringa rānei, kia kore ai e raranga te kupenga muka. He ngāwari te tautuhi i ngā papanga kore-whatu miro-hono. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te pūwāhi hurihuri o ngā papanga kore-whatu miro-hono he āhua taimana.
Ko tētahi atu tukanga hanga kore-whatu noa ko te whatu ngira kakahu kore-whatu. Ko te kaupapa hanga he wero i te kupenga muka ki ngā taha me ngā taha o te tapatoru (me ētahi atu wāhanga rānei). Ina haere te ngira i roto i te whatunga, ka akiakihia te mata me te paparanga o roto o te whatunga ki roto i te whatunga. Nā te waku i waenga i ngā muka, ka pēhia te whatunga huruhuru taketake. I te putanga o te ngira i te kupenga, ka mahue ngā miro e ngā ngira, ā, ka mau te nuinga o ngā miro ki roto i te kupenga, ā, kāore e taea te hoki ki tō rātou āhua huruhuru taketake. Whai muri i ngā wero maha, he maha ngā paihere muka ka werohia ki roto i te kupenga muka, ā, ka mau ngā muka o te kupenga ki a rātou anō, ka hangaia he rauemi kore-whatu ngira me te kaha me te matotoru.
Engari he nui rawa ngā pūwero o ngā papanga kore-whatu e rua mō ngā take hauora, ā, kāore e taea te wehe i ngā huaketo i te 100nm pea.
Nō reira, ko te paparanga waenga o te kopare pokanga whānui he mea hanga ki te kakahu kore-whatu mā te rehu whakarewa. Ko te hanga o te kakahu kore-whatu rehu whakarewa ko te tuatahi ko te whakanoho i te polymer masterbatch (te nuinga o te polypropylene) ki roto i te extruder ka rewa i roto i te extruder i te pāmahana o te 240℃ (mō te PP). Ka haere te rewa mā te papu ine ka tae ki te pane pokepoke werohanga. Ina tukuna te polymer hou mai i te spinneret, ka mahi te pito o te hau kōpeke ki runga i te polymer ka kukume i te miro wera ki te 1 ~ 10 m te whānui i te tere hau teitei ake i te tangi (550m/s). E ai ki ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ka kiia tēnei kupenga he kupenga microfiber. Ka whakanui ake ēnei muka tino pai me te capillarity ahurei i te maha me te horahanga mata o ngā muka mō ia horahanga waeine, ā, ka pai te tātari, te tiaki, te whakamarumaru me te mimiti hinu o ngā kakahu rehu whakarewa. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te hau, te rauemi tātari wai, te rauemi wehe, te rauemi kopare me ētahi atu mara.
Ko te tikanga tātari o te kopare hauora ko te horapa Brownian, te ārai, te tukinga inertia, te whakataunga ā-papa me te mimiti hiko. Ko ngā mea tuatahi e whā he āhuatanga ā-tinana katoa, arā, ko ngā āhuatanga tūturu o ngā papanga kore-whatu i hangaia mā te rehu rewa. Ko te āhuatanga tātari he tata ki te 35%. Kāore tēnei e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te kopare hauora. Me whakahaere e tātou he maimoatanga tūmau ki runga i te rauemi, me kawe te muka i te utu hiko, me te whakamahi i te hiko hei hopu i te aerosol kei roto te Coronavirus hou.
I hopukina te aerosol (aerosol) o te Coronavirus hou e te mimiti a te coronavirus hou mā te kaha coulomb o te muka kua utua. Ko te kaupapa matua kia tuwhera ake te mata o te rauemi tātari, kia kaha te kaha o te hopu a ngā matūriki, ā, kia piki ake te kiato utu, kia kaha ake te mimiti o ngā matūriki me te pānga porowhita, kia tika ai te paparanga tātari o te rauemi tātari kore-whatu kua rewa, me haere ki te mahi, kāore e taea te whakarerekē i raro i te kaupapa o te ātete manawa, kia eke ki te 95% te kaha tātari, kia whai hua ai ki te huaketo.
Whai muri i ētahi rangahau, kua mārama whānui ahau ki te hanganga o te kopare i tōku ringa: ko te paparanga o waho he mea hanga ki te kakahu kore-whatu i werohia ki te ngira, he mea hanga ki te PP, ā, ko te paparanga i waenganui he paparanga waro whakahohe me te paparanga kakahu rehu rewa PP.
Wā tuku: 29 o Ākuhata-2020