He aha nā kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole ma ka ʻepekema meanā pale maka?Ke hoʻonui hou aku nei i nā lako pale pilikino (PPE), he aha nā mea polymer kūikawā a me nā kaʻina hana hana e pili ana?
He aha nā mea i hana ʻia ai nā masks?
No ke aha he ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā pale maka like ʻole? I koʻu kākau ʻana, ua ʻokiʻoki au i kahi pale maka lanahu hoʻāla ʻehā papa i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ka hale hana e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o loko:
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ua māhele ʻia ka pale maka i ʻehā papa. ʻO nā papa ʻelua o waho loa he ʻelua mau mea e like me ka lole, ʻo ka papa ʻeleʻele he kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, a ʻo kekahi he mānoanoa, he ʻano like me ka napkin. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i kekahi ʻikepili, e hoʻomaopopo i ka make-up liʻiliʻi, me ka waena o ka papa kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, ʻo nā papa ʻekolu ʻē aʻe he ʻano mea i kapa ʻia he lole ulana ʻole. ʻO ka lole ulana ʻole (inoa Pelekane: lole ulana ʻole a i ʻole lole Nonwoven) ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Nonwoven Fabric, i hana ʻia me nā olonā i kuhikuhi ʻia a i ʻole nā wiliwili. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he lole ma muli o kona ʻano a me kekahi mau waiwai.
Nui nā ʻano hana hana no nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia, me ke kaʻina hana spunbonded, ke kaʻina hana pīpī hoʻoheheʻe, ke kaʻina hana ʻōwili wela, ke kaʻina hana spuning a pēlā aku. ʻO nā olonā maka i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ia ka polypropylene (PP) a me ka polyester (PET). Eia kekahi, aia ka nylon (PA), ka fiber viscose, ka fiber acrylic, ka polypropylene fiber (HDPE), PVC, a pēlā aku.
I kēia manawa, hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia ma ke ʻano spunbonded ma ka mākeke. Hoʻokumu kēia ʻano hana i ka filament hoʻomau ma ka extruding a me ke kīkoʻo ʻana i ka polymer, a laila kau ʻia ka filament i loko o kahi ʻupena, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻupena fiber iā ia iho, ka hoʻopaʻa wela, ka hoʻopaʻa kemika a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika mechanical, i lilo ai ka ʻupena fiber i mea ulana ʻole. He maʻalahi ke ʻike i nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia i spunbonded. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke kiko ʻōwili o nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia i spunbonded he ʻano daimana.
ʻO kekahi hana hana ulana ʻole maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo needling non-woven fabric. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo hana ʻana, ʻo ia ke hou pinepine ʻana i ka ʻupena fiber me nā kihi ʻoi a me nā kihi o ka ʻāpana triangle (a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe). Ke hele ka barb ma o ka pūnaewele, hoʻoikaika ia i ka ʻili a me ka papa kūloko o ka pūnaewele i loko o ka pūnaewele. Ma muli o ka friction ma waena o nā fibers, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pūnaewele fluffy mua. Ke puka ka nila mai ka ʻupena, waiho ʻia nā kaula e nā barbs, no laila ua hihia nā kaula he nui i loko o ka ʻupena a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻi i ko lākou kūlana fluffy mua. Ma hope o nā manawa he nui o ka needling, ua hou ʻia ka nui o nā puʻupuʻu fiber i loko o ka ʻupena fiber, a ua hihia nā fibers i loko o ka ʻupena me kekahi i kekahi, no laila e hana ana i ka mea nonwoven needling me kekahi ikaika a me ka mānoanoa.
Akā, ua nui loa nā pores o nā lole ʻelua i ulana ʻole ʻia no nā kumu lapaʻau e hoʻokaʻawale i nā virus ma kahi o 100nm.
No laila, ʻo ka papa waena o ka pale maka ʻokiʻoki maʻamau i hana ʻia me ka lole i ulana ʻole ʻia e ka pīpī hoʻoheheʻe. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka lole i ulana ʻole ʻia me ka pīpī hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana i ka masterbatch polymer (maʻamau polypropylene) i loko o ka extruder a hoʻoheheʻe iā ia i loko o ka extruder ma kahi mahana o 240 ℃ (no PP). Hele ka hoʻoheheʻe ma o ka pamu metering a hiki i ke poʻo hoʻoheheʻe injection. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka polymer i hana hou ʻia mai ka spinneret, ʻo ka hopena o ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ACTS ma ka polymer a huki i ka filament wela i 1 ~ 10 m ke anawaena ma ka wikiwiki o ka ea ma mua o ke kani (550m / s). Wahi a kona mau waiwai kino, ua kapa ʻia kēlā ʻupena he ʻupena microfiber. ʻO kēia mau fibers ultrafine me ka capillarity kū hoʻokahi e hoʻonui i ka helu a me ka ʻili o nā fibers i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, no laila e hana ana i nā lole i pīpī ʻia me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he kānana maikaʻi, pale, insulation a me nā waiwai omo aila. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ea, nā mea kānana wai, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale, nā mea mask a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano kānana o ka pale maka lapaʻau ʻo ia ka Brownian diffusion, interception, inertial collision, gravity settlement a me ka electrostatic adsorption. ʻO nā mea mua ʻehā he mau mea kino, ʻo ia nā ʻano kūlohelohe o nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia i hana ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. ʻO ka waiwai kānana ma kahi o 35%. ʻAʻole kēia i kūpono i nā koi o ka pale maka lapaʻau. Pono mākou e hana i ka mālama paʻa ma luna o ka mea, e lawe ka fiber i ka hoʻopiʻi uila, a hoʻohana i ka electrostatic e hopu i ka aerosol e loaʻa ana ka Coronavirus hou.
Ua hopu ʻia ka aerosol (aerosol) Novel Coronavirus e ka adsorption coronavirus hou ma o ka ikaika coulomb o ke fiber i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili o ka mea kānana, hiki i nā ʻāpana ke hopu i ka hiki ke ikaika, a piʻi ka nui o ka uku, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka adsorption o nā ʻāpana a me ka hopena polarization, no laila ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka papa kānana o ka mea kānana non-woven i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, pono e hala e hana me, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ma lalo o ke kumumanaʻo o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hanu, e hoʻokō i ka 95% filterability, e kūleʻa i ka maʻi.
Ma hope o kekahi noiʻi ʻana, ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻike laulā o ke ʻano o ka mask ma koʻu lima: ʻo ka papa waho i hana ʻia me ka lole i ulana ʻole ʻia me ka nila i hana ʻia me ka PP, a ʻo ka interlayer he papa kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia a me kahi papa lole PP hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-29-2020