Yiziphi izizathu zesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zeimaski?Uma kukhulunywa ngemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE), yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile ze-polymer kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihilelekile?
Zenziwe ngezinto zini izifihla-buso?
Kungani kunomehluko omkhulu kangaka phakathi kwamaski ahlukene? Ngesikhathi ngibhala, ngavula imaski yamalahle evuselelwa ngezingqimba ezine evame ukusetshenziswa elabhorethri ukuze ngithole ukuthi injani ngaphakathi:
Njengoba sibona, imaski ihlukaniswe yaba izingqimba ezine. Izingqimba ezimbili zangaphandle ziyizinto ezimbili ezifana nendwangu, ungqimba olumnyama luyi-activated carbon, kanti olunye luqinile, olufana ne-napkin. Ukwakheka okuncane ngemva kokufuna idatha ethile ukuze uqonde, ngaphezu kwephakathi kwengqimba yekhabhoni esebenzayo, ezinye izingqimba ezintathu ziwuhlobo lwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi indwangu engalukiwe. Indwangu Engalukiwe (igama lesiNgisi: Indwangu engalukiwe noma indwangu engalukiwe) ibizwa nangokuthi i-Nonwoven Fabric, eyenziwe ngemicu eqondisiwe noma engahleliwe. Ibizwa ngokuthi indwangu ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kanye nezakhiwo ezithile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinqubo zokukhiqiza zezindwangu ezingezona ezilukiwe, okuhlanganisa inqubo ye-spunbonded, inqubo yokufafaza encibilikayo, inqubo yokugoqa eshisayo, inqubo yokuphotha njalo njalo. Imicu eluhlaza engasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi yi-polypropylene (PP) kanye ne-polyester (PET). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-nylon (PA), i-viscose fiber, i-acrylic fiber, i-polypropylene fiber (HDPE), i-PVC, njll.
Njengamanje, izindwangu eziningi ezingezona ezilukiwe zikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-spunbonded emakethe. Le ndlela yakha i-filament eqhubekayo ngokukhuphula nokunweba i-polymer, bese i-filament ifakwa enetheni, bese inethi ye-fibre ihlanganiswa yodwa, ukubopha okushisayo, ukubopha kwamakhemikhali noma ukuqinisa ngomshini, ukuze inethi ye-fibre ibe engalukiwe. Izindwangu ezingezona ezilukiwe ezi-spunbonded kulula ukuzibona. Ngokuvamile, indawo yokugoqa yezindwangu ezingezona ezilukiwe ezi-spunbonded inesimo sedayimane.
Enye inqubo evamile yokukhiqiza engalukiwe ibizwa ngokuthi indwangu engalukiwe enezinaliti. Umgomo wokukhiqiza uwukubhoboza inethi yefayibha ngokuphindaphindiwe ngemiphetho enezinti kanye nemiphetho yesigaba sikanxantathu (noma ezinye izingxenye). Lapho i-barb idlula kunethiwekhi, iphoqa ubuso kanye nengqimba yangaphakathi yendawo yenethiwekhi kunethiwekhi. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwemicu, inethiwekhi yokuqala ethambile iyacindezelwa. Njengoba inaliti iphuma enethini, imicu ishiywa yi-barb, ukuze imicu eminingi ibambeke enetheni futhi ingakwazi ukubuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala esithambile. Ngemva kokufakwa kaningi kwe-needling, izinqwaba eziningi zefayibha ziyabhobozwa enetheni yefayibha, futhi imicu enetheni iyabambeka, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe izinto ezingalukiwe ezinezinaliti ezinamandla athile kanye nobukhulu.
Kodwa izimbobo zezindwangu ezimbili ezingalukiwe zikhulu kakhulu ngezinjongo zezokwelapha ukuhlukanisa amagciwane cishe ku-100nm.
Ngakho-ke, ungqimba oluphakathi lwemaski yokuhlinzwa evamile lwenziwa ngendwangu engalukiwe ngesifutho esincibilikisayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu engalukiwe encibilikisayo kuqala ukufaka i-polymer masterbatch (ngokuvamile i-polypropylene) ku-extruder bese iyincibilikisa ku-extruder ekushiseni okungaba ngu-240℃ (kwe-PP). Ukuncibilika kudlula empompini yokulinganisa bese kufinyelela ekhanda lesikhunta somjovo. Lapho i-polymer esanda kwakheka ikhishwa ku-spinneret, ukuphela komoya ocindezelwe KUYASEBENZA ku-polymer futhi kudonsele intambo eshisayo ibe ngu-1 ~ 10 m ububanzi ngesivinini somoya esiphakeme kunomsindo (550m/s). Ngokwezakhiwo zayo zomzimba, inethi enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi inethi ye-microfiber. Lezi zindwangu ezi-ultrafine ezine-capillarity ehlukile zandisa inani nendawo yobuso bezintambo endaweni ngayinye, okwenza izindwangu ezincibilikisiwe zibe nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuhlunga, ukuvikela, ukuvikela kanye nokumunca uwoyela. Ingasetshenziswa emoyeni, ezintweni zokuhlunga uketshezi, ezintweni zokuhlukanisa, ezintweni zemaski nakwezinye izinkambu.
Indlela yokuhlunga yemaski yezokwelapha ukusabalala kwe-Brownian, ukuvalelwa, ukushayisana kwe-inertial, ukuhlala phansi kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokumuncwa kwe-electrostatic. Ezokuqala ezine ziyizici zomzimba, okuyizici zemvelo zezindwangu ezingezona ezilukiwe ezikhiqizwa yi-melting spray. Impahla yokuhlunga icishe ibe ngu-35%. Lokhu akufinyeleli ezidingweni zemaski yezokwelapha. Sidinga ukwenza ukwelashwa okungaguquki ezintweni, senze i-fiber ithwale ishaja kagesi, futhi sisebenzise i-electrostatic ukuze sibambe i-aerosol lapho i-Coronavirus entsha ikhona khona.
I-aerosol entsha yeCoronavirus (i-aerosol) ithathwe ngokumuncwa okusha kwe-coronavirus ngamandla e-coulomb e-fiber eshajiwe. Isimiso ukwenza ubuso bezinto zokuhlunga buvuleke kakhulu, ikhono lezinhlayiya likwazi ukubamba liqinile, futhi ubuningi beshaja buyanda, ukumuncwa kwezinhlayiya kanye nomphumela we-polarisation uqine kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungqimba lwesihlungi sezinto zokuhlunga ezingalukiwe ezincibilikisiwe, kufanele zidlule ukuze zibhekane nazo, azikwazi ukushintsha ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokumelana nokuphefumula, zifinyelele ukuhlunga okungu-95%, ukuze zisebenze kahle ngokumelene negciwane.
Ngemva kocwaningo oluthile, nginokuqonda okujwayelekile ngokwakheka kwemaski esandleni sami: ungqimba lwangaphandle lwenziwe ngendwangu engalukiwe ebhobozwe ngenaliti eyenziwe nge-PP, kanti ungqimba oluphakathi luyingqimba yekhabhoni esebenzayo kanye nengqimba yendwangu yokufutha ye-PP melt.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-29-2020