He aha ka mealole ulana ʻole? ʻO ka lole i ulana ʻole ʻiahe mea like me ka lole i hana ʻia mai ka fiber staple (pōkole) a me nā fibers lōʻihi (lōʻihi mau), i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka kemika, mechanical, wela a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka solvent. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo ma ka ʻoihana hana lole e hōʻike i nā lole, e like me ka felt, ʻaʻole i ulana ʻia a i ʻole i ulana ʻia. ʻAʻole lawa ka ikaika o kekahi mau mea i ulana ʻole ʻia ke ʻole e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻoikaika ʻia paha e kahi kākoʻo. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā mea i ulana ʻole ʻia i mea ʻē aʻe i ka polyurethane foam.
Nā Mea Maka
ʻO ka polyester nā olonā i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa; hoʻohana ʻia ka olefin a me ka nylon no ko lākou ikaika, a hoʻohana ʻia ka pulupulu a me ka rayon no ka omo ʻana. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kekahi acrylic, acetate, a me vinyon.
Koho ʻia nā olonā ma ke kumu o ko lākou mau waiwai a me ka hana i manaʻo ʻia i nā hoʻohana hope loa. Makemake ʻia nā olonā hou, kūlana mua ma mua o nā olonā i hoʻohana hou ʻia a hana hou ʻia paha. Hoʻohana ʻia nā olonā staple a me nā olonā filament, a hiki ke hoʻohui i nā olonā o nā lōʻihi like ʻole a me nā olonā o nā hui generic like ʻole. ʻO ke koho ʻana o nā olonā e pili ana i ka huahana i manaʻo ʻia, ka mālama maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, a me ka lōʻihi i manaʻo ʻia a i makemake ʻia paha. E like me ka hana ʻana o nā lole āpau, he mea nui ke kumukūʻai o nā olonā i hoʻohana ʻia, no ka mea, e hoʻohuli ia i ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana hope loa.
Nā ʻano onā ʻōwili lole i ulana ʻole ʻia
- ʻO ke ʻano o nā waiwai i loaʻa i kahi lole i ulana ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea i kāna hana ʻana. He ākea ka laulā o nā ʻano.
- ʻO ke ʻano o nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia e like paha me ka pepa, like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, a i ʻole like me nā lole i ulana ʻia.
- He lima palupalu a paʻa paha ko lākou, a he paʻakikī paha, he ʻoʻoleʻa, a he ākea paha me ka liʻiliʻi o ka palupalu.
- Hiki ke lahilahi e like me ka lahilahi o ka pepa ʻili a i ʻole he mau manawa mānoanoa.
- Hiki iā lākou ke translucent a opaque paha.
- Hiki ke loli ko lākou porosity mai ka haehae haʻahaʻa a me ka ikaika pahū a hiki i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa.
- Hiki ke hana ʻia lākou ma ke kāpili ʻana, ka hoʻopili wela ʻana, a i ʻole ke humuhumu ʻana.
- ʻOkoʻa ka maʻalahi o ka ulana ʻana o kēia ʻano lole mai ka maikaʻi a i ka ʻole.
- He maikaʻi loa ka holoi ʻana i kekahi mau lole; ʻaʻohe o kekahi. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo ʻia kekahi.
nā ʻano lole i ulana ʻole ʻia
Eia nā ʻano nui ʻehā o nā huahana i ulana ʻole ʻia: Spunbound/Spunlace, Airlaid, Drylaid a me Wetlaid. Uhi kēia ʻatikala i kēia mau ʻano nui me nā kikoʻī.
ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻehā a me nā ʻano maʻamau o nā huahana i ulana ʻole ʻia:
- Spunbound/Spunlace.
- Hoʻomoe ʻia ma ka lewa.
- Drylaid.
- ʻUlu ʻia
Spunbound/Spunlace
Hana ʻia nā lole i milo ʻia ma ke kau ʻana i nā filaments i milo ʻia ma luna o ke kāʻei hōʻiliʻili ma ke ʻano like ʻole a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā olonā. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā olonā i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kau pūnaewele e nā jet ea a i ʻole nā uku electrostatic. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka lawelawe hōʻiliʻili e pale i ke kahe ea mai ka hoʻohuli ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā olonā ma ke ʻano i kāohi ʻole ʻia. Hāʻawi ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pūnaewele ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōwili wela a i ʻole nā nila wela e hoʻoheheʻe hapa i ka polymer a hoʻohui i nā olonā. ʻOiai ʻo ke kuhikuhi molekala e hoʻonui i ke kiko hoʻoheheʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā olonā i huki ʻole ʻia e like me nā olonā hoʻopaʻa wela. Hoʻohana ʻia nā polyethelene a i ʻole nā copolymers ethylene-propylene random ma ke ʻano he mau wahi hoʻopaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana spunbound i ke kākoʻo kāpeti, nā geotextiles, a me nā huahana lapaʻau/hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻolei ʻia, nā huahana kaʻa, nā ʻenekinia kīwila a me nā huahana hoʻopili.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana o ka Spunbound non-woven no ka mea ua hui pū ʻia ka hana lole me ka hana fiber.
Hoʻomoe ʻia ma luna o ka ea
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka airlaying he hana hana pūnaewele i ulana ʻole ʻia e hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kahi kahawai e neʻe wikiwiki ana a hoʻopili iā lākou ma luna o kahi pale e neʻe ana ma ke kaomi a i ʻole ka vacuum.
ʻO nā lole Airlaid i hana nui ʻia me ka pulp lāʻau a he ʻano o ka omo maikaʻi. Hiki ke kāwili ʻia me kahi hapa kikoʻī o ka SAP e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona hiki ke omo i ka pulu. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Airlaid non-woven he pepa maloʻo non-woven. Hana ʻia ka nonwoven ma o ke kaʻina hana airlaying. E hoʻoneʻe i ka woodpulp i loko o ka puʻupuʻu o ka ea e hoʻopuehu i nā olonā a hoʻohuihui ma luna o ka pūnaewele lana. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka Airlaid non-woven o ka pūnaewele.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana ʻaʻole i ulana ʻia ʻo Airlaid i nā huahana like ʻole ma nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole; ka interlining o nā lole, nā huahana lapaʻau a me nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea humuhumu a me nā mea kānana.
Drylaid
Hana nui ʻia nā pūnaewele maloʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā olonā staple kūlohelohe a i hana ʻia paha e ke kanaka. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnaewele maloʻo he 4 mau ʻanuʻu:
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke olonā paʻa --> Ka wehe ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ke kāwili ʻana a me ke kāwili ʻana --> Ke kāleka ʻana --> Ke kau ʻana i nā pūnaewele.
ʻO nā pono o ka hana ʻana i ulana ʻole ʻia ʻo Drylaid; ʻO ke ʻano isotropic o ka pūnaewele, hiki ke hana ʻia nā pūnaewele voluminous a me nā ʻano olonā hiki ke hana ʻia e like me ke kūlohelohe, synthetic, aniani, kila a me ke kalapona.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana ʻaʻole i ulana ʻia ʻo Drylaid e nā huahana he nui mai nā ʻūlū hoʻonani a me nā diaper pēpē a hiki i nā huahana kānana inu.
ʻUlu ʻia
ʻO nā mea ulana ʻole Wetlaid he mau mea ulana ʻole i hana ʻia e kahi hana pepa i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua kau ʻia nā olonā e hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka wai. ʻO kahi pahuhopu nui o ka hana ʻana i nā mea ulana ʻole i waiho ʻia i ka wai, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā hale me nā ʻano lole-textile, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻalahi a me ka ikaika, ma nā wikiwiki e hoʻokokoke ana i nā mea e pili ana i ka hana pepa.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mīkini pepa kūikawā e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai nā olonā e hana i kahi ʻāpana like o ka mea, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia. I ka ʻoihana ʻōwili maikaʻi, hana ʻia 5 -10% o nā mea ulana ʻole ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana waiho pulu.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Wetlaid no nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā huahana. ʻO kekahi o nā huahana maʻamau e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana ulana ʻole wetlaying; Pepa ʻeke kī, nā lole maka, Shingling a me ka pepa fiber synthetic.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ulana ʻole maʻamau ʻē aʻe: Composite, Meltblown, Carded/Carding, Needle punch, Thermal bonded, Chemical bonded a me Nanotechnology.
Nā noio nā lole ulana ʻole
Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka pane ʻana o kēia mau kemika, a emi mai ka weliweli no ke kaiapuni, ua koho ʻia lākou e ka nui o nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
1, Mahiʻai
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau lole ulana ʻole e hoʻopau i nā nāhelehele, pale i ka papa luna o ka lepo i ka wā e ʻino ai ka lepo, a e mālama i kāu māla i maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻohe lepo. Ke ʻino ka lepo, e hana ka geotextile ulana ʻole e like me ke kānana, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka lepo e hala, a pēlā e pale ai i kāu māla a mahiʻai paha mai ka nalowale ʻana o kona papa momona. Hāʻawi pū nā lole Geotextile i ka pale hau i nā hua liʻiliʻi, a i nā mea kanu i hiki ʻole ke ola i nā kūlana anuanu.
· Palekana i nā mea ʻino pepeke: nā uhi mea kanu
· Palekana wela: nā uhi hua
· Kāohi nāhelehele: nā lole pale immoble
. Ka lole pale mea kanu, ka lole hānai, ka lole hoʻoinu wai, nā pale pale a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka mahiʻai: ka uhi o nā mea kanu;
2, ʻOihana
I loko o nā ʻoihana he nui, hoʻohana ʻia ka geotextile i ulana ʻole ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomehana, nā mea uhi, a me nā kānana. Ma muli o ko lākou ikaika tensile maikaʻi loa, hana maikaʻi loa lākou i nā ʻoihana.
2-1, Nā lole ulana ʻole ʻoihana
nā mea hoʻoikaika, nā mea hoʻowali, nā mea kānana, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale, nā ʻeke sima, nā geotextiles, nā lole uhi a pēlā aku.
2-2、Kaʻa a me ka Halihali
ʻAno Hoʻonaninani o loko: nā uhi kāmaʻa, nā papa pāʻina, nā poʻo noho, nā uhi noho, nā uhi papahele, nā kākoʻo a me nā moena, nā pani huʻa.
Mea pale: nā pale wela o ka ʻenekini a me ka hoʻopau ʻana, nā uhi pāpale i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā pale hoʻomālielie.
Hana kaʻa: nā kānana aila a me ka ea, nā palakiko i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiber (nā panela kino), nā paleki mokulele.
3. ʻOihana kūkulu hale
ʻO nā huahana ma kēia ʻāpana he mau lole paʻa a nui ka nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā;
· Hoʻokele pale a me ka makū: uhi hale a me ka tile underlay, pale wela a me ke kani
· Kūkulu: Nā kahua a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka honua
4. Nā hoʻohana hale
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā huahana ma kēia ʻāpana e like me nā kānana a hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia me;
- Nā holoi/mopa
- Nā ʻeke hoʻomaʻemaʻe mīkini
- Nā lole holoi
- Nā kānana kīhini a me ka peʻahi
- Nā ʻeke kī a me ke kope
- Nā kānana kofe
- Nā napkins a me nā uhi papaʻaina
Hana lako hale: Nā mea pale i nā lima a me ke kua, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka uluna, nā uhi, nā mea hoʻoikaika humuhumu, nā mea hoʻonaninani lihi, ka upholstery.
Hana moe: Kākoʻo quilt, nā ʻāpana pale moena, nā uhi moena.
Nā lako: nā pale puka makani, nā uhi paia a me nā papahele, nā kākoʻo kāpeti, nā pale kukui
5, hoʻohana nā lole i ulana ʻole ʻia
ka uhi ʻana, ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili, nā ʻōpala, nā pulupulu stereotypes, nā ʻano lole ʻili synthetic a pēlā aku.
· Palekana pilikino: pale wela, ahi, ʻoki, ʻō, ballistic, pathogens, lepo, nā kemika ʻawahia a me nā biohazards, nā lole hana ʻike kiʻekiʻe.
6. Lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke olakino
I ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke olakino, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā geotextiles i ulana ʻole ʻia, no ka mea hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā Geotextiles i ka hana ʻana i nā masks disinfecting, nā ʻūpī pulu, nā masks, nā diapers, nā ʻaʻahu ʻoki kino, a pēlā aku.
ʻO nā huahana ma kēia ʻāpana he mea hoʻolei wale aku a hoʻokomo pū me ia;
· Ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi (ʻoki kino): nā pāpale hoʻolei, nā ʻaʻahu, nā pale maka a me nā uhi kāmaʻa,
· Hoʻōla ʻeha: nā huʻahuʻa, nā mea hoʻopili a me nā kāwele holoi.
· Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau transdermal, nā ʻeke wela
7. Nā Geosynthetics
- ʻAsphalt overlay
- Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lepo
- Hoʻokahe wai
- Kaohi ʻana i ka Sedimentation a me ka ʻino
- Nā laina loko
8, Kānana
Nā kānana ea a me ke kinoea
Wai - ʻaila, pia, waiū, wai hoʻomaʻalili, wai huaʻai….
Nā kānana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia
Kumu a me nā pono o ka lole ulana ʻole i manaʻo ʻia
ʻAʻole nani nā kumu o nā lole ulana ʻole. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua loaʻa lākou mai ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala fibrous a i ʻole nā lohi lua i koe mai nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana e like me ka ulana ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻili. Ua loaʻa pū lākou mai nā kapu o nā mea maka e like me ka wā a ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua a ma hope paha ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka komunista ma ʻEulopa Waena. ʻO kēia kumu haʻahaʻa a me ke kumukūʻai i hoʻomalu ʻia ʻo ia ke alakaʻi i kekahi mau hewa loea a me ke kūʻai aku; ʻo ia ke kuleana nui no ʻelua mau kuhihewa e pili ana i nā lole ulana ʻole: ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he mau pani (makemake ʻole); nui ka poʻe e hoʻopili iā lākou me nā huahana hoʻolei a no ia kumu i manaʻo ai i nā lole ulana ʻole he mea makepono, haʻahaʻa ke ʻano.
ʻAʻole pau nā mea ulana ʻole a pau i nā noi hoʻolei. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hana ʻana no nā hoʻohana hope loa, e like me nā interlinings, roofing, geotextile, automotive a i ʻole nā noi uhi papahele etc. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā mea ulana ʻole, ʻoiai nā mea māmā, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana hoʻolei a i ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻolei. I ko mākou manaʻo, ʻo kēia ka hōʻailona hope loa o ka pono. Hiki ke hoʻolei wale ʻia no nā huahana kūpono i ke kumukūʻai e kālele ana i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi a me nā hana a hāʻawi iā lākou me ka ʻole o nā frills pono ʻole.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea ulana ʻole, nā mea hoʻolei a i ʻole, he mau mea hana kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka absorbency ultra-kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka paʻa ʻana no nā holoi holoi, a i ʻole me ka palupalu, strike-through a ʻaʻohe waiwai wetback no nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, me nā ʻano pale koʻikoʻi no nā noi lapaʻau ma ka lumi hana, a i ʻole nā hiki kānana maikaʻi aʻe ma muli o ka nui o ko lākou mau pores a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole lākou i hana ʻia me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻolei ʻana akā no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi ʻē aʻe. Ua lilo lākou i mea hoʻolei ma muli o nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou (hoʻomaʻemaʻe, mālama ola) a me ko lākou kumukūʻai kūpono. A ʻo ka hoʻolei pinepine ʻana e hana i kahi pōmaikaʻi hou aʻe i nā mea hoʻohana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻohana mua ʻia nā mea hoʻolei, aia kahi hōʻoia e loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai āpau e pono ai e kūʻē i nā lole holoi hou ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-18-2018