He aha te meapapanga kore-whatu? Kakahu kore-whatuHe rauemi rite ki te papanga i hangaia mai i te muka matua (poto) me ngā muka roa (roa tonu), e honoa ana mā te matū, te miihini, te wera, te maimoatanga whakarewa rānei. E whakamahia ana te kupu i roto i te umanga hanga kakahu hei tohu i ngā papanga, pērā i te huruhuru hipi, kāore i whatuhia, kāore hoki i whatuhia. Kāore i te rawaka te kaha o ētahi rauemi kore-whatu mēnā kāore i whakamātotoruhia, i whakakahangia rānei e te tautoko. I ngā tau tata nei, kua noho te kore-whatu hei huarahi kē atu ki te pahuka polyurethane.
Ngā Rauemi Mata
Ko te polyester ngā muka e whakamahia nuitia ana i te Hononga o Amerika; e whakamahia ana te olefin me te nairon mō tō rātou kaha, ā, e whakamahia ana te miro me te rayon mō te mimiti. E whakamahia ana hoki ētahi kiriaku, acetate, me te vinyon.
Ka tīpakohia ngā muka i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga me te mahi e tumanakohia ana i roto i ngā whakamahinga whakamutunga. Ko ngā muka hou, kounga tuatahi te mea e pai ake ana i ngā muka kua whakamahia anō, kua tukatukahia rānei. Ka whakamahia ngā muka tīwae me ngā muka miro, ā, ka taea te whakaranu i ngā muka o ngā roa rerekē me ngā muka o ngā rōpū whānui rerekē. Ko te kōwhiringa o ngā muka e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hua e whakaarohia ana, te tiaki e hoatu ana ki a ia, me te roa e tumanakohia ana, e hiahiatia ana rānei. Pērā i te hanga o ngā papanga katoa, he mea nui te utu o ngā muka e whakamahia ana, nā te mea ka pā ki te utu o te hua whakamutunga.
Ngā Āhuatanga ongā rōra papanga kore-whatu
- Ko te huinga āhuatanga motuhake o tētahi papanga kore-whatu ka whakawhirinaki ki te huinga o ngā āhuatanga i roto i tōna hanganga. He whānui te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga.
- Ko te āhua o ngā papanga kore-whatu he rite ki te pepa, he rite ki te mea whatu, he rite rānei ki te papanga whatu.
- Tērā pea he ringa ngohengohe, he pakari hoki, he mārō, he whānui rānei, ā, kāore e ngāwari te ngāwari.
- Tērā pea he angiangi pērā i te pepa kikokore, he maha atu rānei ngā wā matotoru.
- Tērā pea he mārama, he mātotoru rānei.
- Ka rerekē pea te kaha o te pakaru mai i te iti o te haehae me te pahū ki te tino kaha kume.
- Ka taea te hanga mā te whakapiri, te herea wera, te tuitui rānei.
- Ko te ngāwari o te tauera o tēnei momo papanga he rerekē mai i te pai ki te kore rawa.
- He tino pai te horoi i ētahi papanga; ko ētahi kāore. Ko ētahi ka taea te horoi maroke.
ngā momo papanga kore-whatu
Anei ngā momo matua e whā o ngā hua kore-whatu: Spunbound/Spunlace, Airlaid, Drylaid me Wetlaid. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ēnei momo matua i roto i ngā taipitopito.
Ko ngā momo matua e whā o ngā hua kore-whatu, ā, ko ngā momo tino noa ko:
- Miro/Miro-tārai.
- Whakatakotoria ki te rangi.
- Drylaid.
- Wetlaid
Pōwhiri/Pōwhiri
Ka hangaia ngā papanga miro mā te whakatakoto i ngā miro kua mirohia ki runga i te whitiki kohikohi i roto i te āhua matapōkere ōrite, ā, ka whai muri ko te here i ngā muka. Ka wehea ngā muka i te wā e whakatakoto ana i te tukutuku mā te whakamahi i ngā pupuhi hau, i ngā utu hiko rānei. Ko te tikanga, ka pokaia te ratonga kohikohi hei ārai i te rerenga o te hau me te kawe i ngā muka i roto i te āhua kore e taea te whakahaere. Ka whakawhiwhia e te here te kaha me te pono ki te tukutuku mā te whakamahi i ngā rōra wera, i ngā ngira wera rānei hei whakarewa i te polymer me te whakakotahi i ngā muka. Nā te mea ka whakanui ake te aronga ngota i te ira rewa, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā muka kāore i te tino kumea hei muka here wera. Ka whakamahia ngā polyethelene, ngā copolymer ethylene-propylene matapōkere rānei hei wāhi here rewa iti.
E whakamahia ana ngā hua miro-whiri i roto i ngā whāriki papatahi, ngā geotextiles, me ngā hua hauora/akuaku whakakorekore, ngā hua motuka, ngā hua hangarau ā-iwi me ngā hua tākai.
He iti ake te ohanga o te tukanga hanga papanga kore-whatu i mirohia, nā te mea ka whakakotahitia te hanga papanga me te hanga muka.
Whakatakotoria ki te rangi
Ko te tukanga whakatakoto ā-hau he tukanga hanga tukutuku kore-whatu e marara ana hei awa tere e tere ana, ka whakawhāitihia ki runga i tētahi mata e neke ana mā te pēhanga, mā te korehau rānei.
Ko te nuinga o ngā papanga Airlaid he mea hanga mai i te penupenu rakau, ā, he pai te mimiti. Ka taea te whakaranu ki tētahi ōwehenga tika o te SAP hei whakapai ake i tōna kaha ki te mimiti mākū. Ko te Airlaid non-woven e kiia ana ko te pepa maroke non-woven. Ka hangaia te non-woven mā te tukanga airlaying. Whakawhitihia te penupenu rakau ki roto i te paihere hau kia marara ai ngā muka me te whakakotahi ki runga i te tukutuku mānu. Ko te Airlaid non-woven non-woven he mea whakapakari mai i te tukutuku.
E whakamahia ana ngā hua kore-whatu ā-rangi i roto i te maha o ngā hua rerekē puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi tae atu ki; te whakarara i ngā kākahu, ngā hua hauora me ngā hua akuaku, ngā rauemi whakairo me ngā rauemi tātari.
Drylaid
Ko ngā tukutuku maroke ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā muka tīra, he mea hanga ki te tangata, he mea tūturu rānei. E whā ngā taahiraa mō te hanga tukutuku maroke:
Te whakarite muka matua --> Te whakatuwhera, te horoi, te whakaranu me te whakaranu --> Te tā kāri --> Te whakatakotoranga tukutuku.
Ko ngā painga o te hanga whatu kore-whatu Drylaid ko; Ko te hanganga isotropic o te tukutuku, ka taea te whakaputa tukutuku matotoru, me te whānuitanga o ngā muka tukatuka pērā i te taiao, te hangai, te karāhe, te maitai me te waro.
E whakamahia ana ngā hua kore-whatu maroke i roto i te tini o ngā hua, mai i ngā tauera whakapaipai me ngā nāpi pēpi ki ngā hua tātari inu.
Wetlaid
Ko ngā whatu kore-whatu makuku he mea hanga mā te tukanga hanga pepa kua whakarerekētia. Arā, ko ngā muka e whakamahia ana ka iri i roto i te wai. Ko tētahi whāinga matua o te hanga whatu kore-whatu makuku ko te hanga hanganga he āhuatanga papanga-kakahu, ko te ngāwari me te kaha te nuinga, i ngā tere e rite ana ki ērā e pā ana ki te hanga pepa.
Ka whakamahia ngā mīhini pepa motuhake hei wehe i te wai mai i ngā muka hei hanga i tētahi rau rauemi ōrite, kātahi ka herea, ka whakamarokehia. I roto i te umanga hanga pepa, e 5 -10% o ngā mea kāore i whatuhia ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakatakotoranga mākū.
He whānuitia ngā ahumahi me ngā hua e whakamahi ana i te Wetlaid. Ko ētahi o ngā hua e whakamahi ana i te hangarau whatu kore-whatu whakamakuku ko te pepa pēke tī, te tauera kanohi, te pepa shingle me te pepa muka hangai.
Ko ētahi atu momo papanga kore-whatu e kitea whānuitia ana ko: Composite, Meltblown, Carded/Carding, Needle punch, Thermal bond, Chemical bond me te Nanotechnology.
Ngā tonoo ngā Kakahu Kore-Whatu
Nā te mea he iti ake te tauhohenga matū o ēnei, ā, he iti ake hoki te mōrearea ki te taiao, he maha ngā momo ahumahi e whiriwhiria ana ēnei.
1, Ahuwhenua
Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia ēnei papanga kore-whatu hei tango i ngā taru, hei tiaki i te paparanga o runga o te oneone i te wā e horo ana te oneone, hei pupuri hoki i tō māra kia ma, kia kore hoki e puta te puehu. Ina horo te oneone, ka mahi te geotextile kore-whatu hei tātari, e kore ai e tukua te oneone kia haere, ā, ka ārai i te ngaronga o te paparanga momona o tō māra, o tō pāmu rānei. Ka whakaratohia hoki e ngā papanga geotextile he tiaki huka ki ngā tipu taitamariki, me ngā tipu kāore e ora i ngā āhuatanga makariri.
· Te tiaki i ngā pepeke kino: ngā uhi hua
· Parenga wera: paraikete purapura
· Te whakahaere taru: ngā papanga ārai kore uru
He kakahu tiaki hua, he kakahu tiaki rūma whakatipu, he kakahu whakamakuku, he arai whakamarumaru me ērā atu mea.
Ahuwhenua: te uhi o ngā tipu;
2, Ahumahi
I roto i te maha o ngā ahumahi, ka whakamahia te geotextile kore-whatu hei rauemi whakamahana, hei rauemi hipoki, hei tātari hoki. Nā te kaha kume pai rawa atu, he tino pai te mahi i roto i ngā ahumahi.
2-1, Ngā papanga kore-whatu ahumahi
ngā rauemi whakapakari, ngā rauemi oro, ngā rauemi tātari, ngā rauemi whakamahana, ngā putea sima, ngā kakano whenua, ngā kakahu hipoki me ērā atu mea.
2-2、Motuka me te Waka
Whakapaipai o roto: ngā arai pūtu, ngā whata mōkihi, ngā pane o te waka, ngā taupoki nohoanga, ngā uhi papa, ngā papa tautoko me ngā whāriki, ngā whakakapinga pahuka.
Ārai wera: ngā parenga wera o te putanga hau me te miihini, ngā arai potae kua whakarewaina, ngā papa whakangāwari.
Te mahinga o ngā waka: ngā tātari hinu me te hau, ngā kirihou kua whakapakaritia ki te muka (ngā panera tinana), ngā paraikete waka rererangi.
3. Ahumahi hanga whare
He roa te wā e pakari ai ngā hua o tēnei rāngai, ā, he nui hoki te matotoru o te papanga. Ko ngā whakamahinga koia ēnei;
· Te ārai me te whakahaere makuku: te tuanui me te papa tāera, te ārai wera me te haruru
· Hanganga: Ngā turanga me te whakau i te whenua
4. Ngā whakamahinga ā-whare
Ko ngā hua o tēnei rāngai e whakamahia ana hei tātari, ā, ka taea te whakamahi noa atu tae atu ki;
- Ngā horoi/mōpa
- Ngā putea horoi korehau
- Ngā tauera horoi
- Ngā tātari kīhini me ngā tātari hau
- Ngā pēke tī me te kawhe
- Ngā tātari kawhe
- Ngā tauera me ngā tauera tēpu
Te hanga tāonga whare: Ngā ārai mō ngā ringaringa me ngā tuara, te whakatakotoranga urunga, ngā arai, ngā whakakaha tuitui, ngā rauemi whakapaipai taha, te upholstery.
Te hanganga moenga: Te papa o te kuīni, ngā wāhanga o te whāriki moenga, ngā uhi moenga.
Ngā taonga whakapaipai: ngā ārai matapihi, ngā uhi pakitara me ngā uhi papa, ngā whāriki tuara, ngā ārai rama
5, he kakahu e whakamahia ana ngā papanga kore-whatu
arai, arai piripiri, maramara, miro momo-āhua, momo hiako hangai katoa me ētahi atu.
· Parenga Whaiaro: ārai wera, ahi, tapahi, wero, pūngao, huaketo, puehu, matū paitini me ngā tūponotanga koiora, kākahu mahi tirohanga mārama.
6, Rongoā me te Hauora
I roto i te umanga rongoā me te hauora, he nui te whakamahinga o ngā geotextile kore-whatu, nā te mea he ngāwari te whakahoromata. He nui te whakamahinga o ngā geotextile hei hanga i ngā kopare patu huakita, ngā tauera mākū, ngā kopare, ngā nāpi, ngā kākahu pokanga, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā hua o tēnei rāngai he mea tuku noa iho, tae atu ki:
· Te Whakahaere Mate Pāwera (pokanga): ngā potae, ngā kākahu, ngā kopare me ngā uhi hū,
· Te whakaora patunga: ngā hautai, ngā takai me ngā tauera horoi.
· Ngā rongoā: Te tuku rongoā whakawhiti kiri, ngā putea wera
7、Ngā Hangahanga Whenua
- Paparanga uku
- Te whakapūmau i te oneone
- Waikeri
- Te whakahaere i te paru me te horo
- Ngā arai roto
8, Tātari
Ngā tātari hau me te hau
Wai - hinu, pia, miraka, wai whakamatao, wai huarākau…
Ngā tātari waro whakahohe
Te Takenga me ngā Painga o te papanga kore-whatu
Kāore i te tino ataahua ngā takenga mai o ngā mea kore-whatu. Inaa, i ahu mai i te hangarua o ngā para muka, ngā muka kounga tuarua rānei i mahue mai i ngā tukanga ahumahi pēnei i te whatu, te tukatuka hiako rānei. I puta mai anō hoki i ngā here rauemi mata, pērā i te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i muri mai rānei i ngā whenua komunisi i Ūropi Waenganui. Ko tēnei takenga iti, ā, he nui te utu, i arahi ki ētahi hapa hangarau me te hokohoko; koia hoki te take nui o ngā whakaaro hē e rua e mau tonu ana mō ngā mea kore-whatu: e whakaarohia ana he whakakapinga (iti te utu); he tokomaha hoki e hono ana i a rātou ki ngā hua whakakorekore, ā, nā reira i whakaaro ai rātou he iti te utu, he iti te kounga o ngā mea kore-whatu.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā mea kore-whatu katoa ka mutu ki ngā mahi whakakorekore. Ko te nuinga o te hanga he mea hanga mō ngā whakamahinga mutunga roa, pērā i ngā whakapuru, ngā tuanui, ngā geotextile, ngā mahi motuka, ngā mahi uhi papa rānei. Heoi, he maha ngā mea kore-whatu, inā koa ko ngā mea mama, e whakamahia ana hei hua whakakorekore, hei whakauru rānei ki ngā taonga whakakorekore. Ki tā mātou titiro, koinei te tohu tino pai o te whai huatanga. Ka taea anake te whakakorekore mō ngā hua utu-pai e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi matua e hiahiatia ana, ā, e whakarato ana i aua mea me te kore he whakapaipai koretake.
Ko te nuinga o ngā mea kāore i whatuhia, ahakoa he mea whakakorekore, he mea hangarau teitei, he mea mahi, hei tauira, he tino kaha te mimiti, he pupuri rānei i ngā tauera horoi, he ngawari rānei, he ātaahua te whiu, kāore he āhuatanga makuku mō ngā mea e whakamahia ana ki ngā taonga akuaku, he āhuatanga ārai tino pai mō ngā mahi hauora i roto i te rūma pokanga, he pai ake rānei te tātari nā te rahi me te tohatoha o ō rātou pore, me ētahi atu. Kāore i hangaia kia whakakorekorehia engari kia tutuki ai ētahi atu whakaritenga. I te nuinga o te wā ka waiho hei mea whakakorekore nā ngā rāngai e whakamahia ana (akuaku, hauora) me te whai hua o te utu. Ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he painga tāpiri ki ngā kaiwhakamahi nā te mea kāore anō kia whakamahia ngā taonga whakakorekore i mua, nō reira he taurangi kei a rātou ngā āhuatanga katoa e hiahiatia ana, kaua ki ngā papanga kua horoia anō.
Te wā tuku: Hakihea-18-2018