Kuyiniindwangu engalukiwe? Indwangu engalukiweiyinto efana nendwangu eyenziwe ngefayibha eyisisekelo (emfushane) kanye nefayibha ende (eqhubekayo ende), ehlanganiswe ndawonye ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ngomshini, ngokushisa noma nge-solvent. Leli gama lisetshenziswa embonini yokukhiqiza izindwangu ukubhekisela ezindwangu, njenge-felt, ezingalukwanga noma ezingalukwanga. Ezinye izinto ezingalukwanga azinawo amandla anele ngaphandle kokuthi ziqiniswe noma ziqiniswe yi-backup. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-nonwoven abe yindlela ehlukile esikhundleni se-polyurethane foam.
Ama-Raw material
I-polyester iyimicu esetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States; i-olefin ne-nylon zisetshenziselwa ukuqina kwazo, kanti ukotini ne-rayon zisetshenziselwa ukumunca. Amanye ama-acrylic, i-acetate, ne-vinyon nawo ayasetshenziswa.
Ama-fibre akhethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zawo kanye nokusebenza okulindelekile ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina. Ama-fibre amasha, asezingeni lokuqala ayathandwa kune-fibre esetshenziswa kabusha noma ecutshungulwa kabusha. Kusetshenziswa kokubili ama-fibre ayisisekelo kanye nama-filament, futhi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa ama-fibre anobude obuhlukene kanye nama-fibre amaqembu ahlukene ajwayelekile. Ukukhethwa kwama-fibre kuncike kumkhiqizo ohlongozwayo, ukunakekelwa okuvamile okunikezwayo, kanye nokuqina okulindelekile noma okufiswayo. Njengasekukhiqizweni kwazo zonke izindwangu, izindleko zama-fibre asetshenziswayo zibalulekile, njengoba nazo zithonya izindleko zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Izici Zazoimiqulu yendwangu engalukiwe
- Iqoqo elithile lezakhiwo indwangu engalukiwe engaba nazo lincike ekuhlanganisweni kwezici ekukhiqizweni kwayo. Ububanzi bezimpawu bubanzi.
- Ukubonakala kwezindwangu ezingalukiwe kungaba njengephepha, kuzwakale sengathi, noma kufane nokwezindwangu ezilukiwe.
- Zingaba nesandla esithambile nesiqinile, noma zingaba nzima, ziqine, noma zibe zibanzi futhi zingaguquguquki kakhulu.
- Zingaba zincane njengephepha lethishu noma zibe zinkulu ngokuphindwe kaningi.
- Zingase futhi zikhanye noma zingacaci.
- Ukuvuleka kwazo kungasukela ekudabukeni okuphansi kanye namandla okuqhuma kuya emandleni aphezulu kakhulu okubamba.
- Zingakhiwa ngokunamathelisa, ukubopha ukushisa, noma ukuthunga.
- Ukugoba kwalolu hlobo lwezindwangu kuyahlukahluka kusukela kokuhle kuya kokungalungi nhlobo.
- Ezinye izindwangu ziyakwazi ukuwasha kahle kakhulu; ezinye azinazo. Ezinye zingase zihlanzwe ngendwangu.
izinhlobo zezindwangu ezingalukiwe
Nazi izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo engalukiwe: i-Spunbound/Spunlace, i-Airlaid, i-Drylaid kanye ne-Wetlaid. Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko nezivame kakhulu zemikhiqizo engalukiwe yilezi:
- I-Spunbound/Spunlace.
- I-Airlaid.
- I-Drylaid.
- I-Wetlaid
I-Spunbound/Spunlace
Izindwangu ezihlanganisiwe zikhiqizwa ngokufaka imicu ekhishwe, ephothiwe ebhandeni lokuqoqa ngendlela efanayo engahleliwe kulandelwa ukubopha imicu. Imicu ihlukaniswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka iwebhu ngamajethi omoya noma amashaji kagesi. Insizakalo yokuqoqa ivame ukubhobozwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umfudlana womoya ukuthi ungaphambuki futhi uthwale imicu ngendlela engalawulwa. Ukubopha kunikeza amandla nobuqotho kuwebhu ngokusebenzisa imiqulu eshisayo noma izinaliti ezishisayo ukuze kuncibilikiswe kancane i-polymer futhi kuhlanganiswe imicu ndawonye. Njengoba ukuqondiswa kwama-molecule kwandisa iphuzu lokuncibilika, imicu engadonswanga kakhulu ingasetshenziswa njengemicu yokubopha ngokushisa. Ama-polyethelene noma ama-copolymer e-ethylene-propylene angahleliwe asetshenziswa njengezindawo zokubopha eziphansi.
Imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa ekusekeleni amakhaphethi, ama-geotextiles, kanye nemikhiqizo yezokwelapha/yokuhlanzeka elahlwayo, imikhiqizo yezimoto, ubunjiniyela bokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo yokupakisha.
Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwendwangu engalukiwe e-Spunbound ivame ukonga kakhulu njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu kuhlanganiswa nokukhiqizwa kwefayibha.
I-Airlaid
Inqubo yokufaka umoya iyinqubo yokwakha iwebhu engalukiwe ehlakazeka ibe umfudlana ohamba ngokushesha bese iwafinyeza esikrinini esihambayo ngengcindezi noma nge-vacuum.
Izindwangu ezifakwe umoya zakhiwe kakhulu nge-woodpulp futhi zinomumo wokumunca kahle. Zingaxutshwa nesilinganiso esithile se-SAP ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono azo okumunca amanzi. I-Airlaid non-woven ibizwa nangokuthi iphepha elomile elingalukiwe. I-nonwoven yenziwa ngenqubo yokufaka umoya. Dlulisa i-woodpulp enqwabeni yokugeleza komoya ukuze wenze imicu ihlakazeke futhi ihlangane kuwebhu entantayo. I-Airlaid non-woven iqiniswe ngewebhu.
Imikhiqizo engalukiwe efakwe emoyeni isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene embonini ehlanganisa; ukuhlanganiswa kwezingubo, imikhiqizo yezokwelapha neyenhlanzeko, izinto zokuhlobisa kanye nezinto zokuhlunga.
I-Drylaid
Ama-web abekwe omile akhiqizwa kakhulu kusetshenziswa imicu eyisisekelo yemvelo noma eyenziwe ngumuntu. Ukwakheka kwama-web abekwe omile kuqukethe izinyathelo ezine:
Ukulungiswa kwefayibha eyisisekelo --> Ukuvula, ukuhlanza, ukuxuba nokuhlanganisa --> Ukufaka amakhadi --> Ukubeka iwebhu.
Izinzuzo zokukhiqizwa okungalukiwe kwe-Drylaid zifaka phakathi; Isakhiwo se-isotropic se-web, ama-web amakhulu angakhiqizwa kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemicu ekwazi ukucubungula njengemvelo, izinto zokwenziwa, ingilazi, insimbi kanye ne-carbon.
Imikhiqizo engalukiwe eyomile isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi kusukela ezisulwini zobuhle kanye nama-nappies ezinsana kuya emikhiqizweni yokuhlunga iziphuzo.
I-Wetlaid
Izinto ezingalukiwe ezimanzi yizinto ezingalukiwe ezenziwe ngenqubo yokwenza iphepha eguquliwe. Okusho ukuthi, imicu ezosetshenziswa ilenga emanzini. Inhloso enkulu yokukhiqiza izinto ezingalukiwe ezimanzi ukukhiqiza izakhiwo ezinezici zendwangu, ikakhulukazi ukuguquguquka namandla, ngesivinini esisondela kulezo ezihambisana nokwenza iphepha.
Imishini yephepha ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amanzi nemicu ukuze kwakheke ishidi elifanayo lezinto, elibe selihlanganiswa bese lomiswa. Embonini ye-roll good, ama-5 -10% ezinto ezingezona ezelukiwe zenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufakwe emanzini.
I-Wetlaid isetshenziselwa inani elikhulu lezimboni nemikhiqizo. Eminye yemikhiqizo evame kakhulu esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokumboza obungalukiwe ifaka phakathi; Iphepha lesikhwama setiye, izindwangu zobuso, i-Shingling kanye nephepha le-synthetic fibre.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile ze-non-woven zifaka: i-Composite, i-Meltblown, i-Carded/Carding, i-Needle punch, i-Thermal bonded, i-Chemical bonded kanye ne-Nanotechnology.
IziceloIzindwangu Ezingalukiwe
Njengoba lezi zingasabeli kakhulu ngamakhemikhali, futhi zingabi yingozi emvelweni, zikhethwa yizimboni ezahlukene eziningi.
1, Ezolimo
Lezi zindwangu ezingalukiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukususa ukhula, ukuvikela ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, nokugcina ingadi yakho ihlanzekile futhi ingenalo uthuli. Uma kunokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, i-geotextile engalukiwe, izosebenza njengesihlungi, esingeke sivumele inhlabathi ukuthi idlule, ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ingadi yakho noma ipulazi ekulahlekelweni ungqimba lwayo lokuvunda. Izindwangu ze-geotextile ziphinde zivikele isithwathwa ezitshalweni ezincane, kanye nasezitshalweni ezingakwazi ukusinda ezimweni ezibandayo.
· Ukuvikelwa komonakalo wezinambuzane: izimbozo zezitshalo
· Ukuvikelwa kokushisa: izingubo zokulala zembewu
· Ukulawula ukhula: izindwangu zokuvimbela ezingangenwa amanzi
Indwangu yokuvikela izitshalo, indwangu yezingane, indwangu yokunisela, amakhethini okuvikela ukushisa nokunye.
Ezolimo: isembozo sezitshalo;
2, Imboni
Ezimbonini eziningi, i-geotextile engalukiwe isetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvikela ukushisa, izinto zokumboza, kanye nezihlungi. Ngenxa yamandla azo amahle kakhulu okubamba, zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimbonini.
2-1, Izindwangu ezingalukiwe zezimboni
izinto zokuqinisa, izinto zokupholisha, izinto zokuhlunga, izinto zokushisa, izikhwama zesamente, ama-geotextiles, indwangu yokumboza njalo njalo.
2-2, Izimoto kanye Nezokuthutha
Ukuhlobisa Ngaphakathi: amabhuthi, amashalofu ephasela, ama-headliner, izembozo zezihlalo, izembozo zaphansi, ama-backwards nama-mat, izinto zokufaka esikhundleni se-foam.
Ukuvikela: izivikelo zokushisa zomsi kanye nenjini, ama-bonnet liners abunjiwe, ama-silencer pad.
Ukusebenza kwemoto: izihlungi zikawoyela nezomoya, amapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha (amaphaneli omzimba), amabhuleki endiza.
3, imboni yokwakha
Imikhiqizo kulo mkhakha ivame ukuqina futhi indwangu enkulu kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kufaka phakathi;
· Ukuphathwa kokufakwa komoya kanye nomswakama: uphahla kanye ne-underlay yethayela, ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nokufakwa komsindo
· Isakhiwo: Izisekelo kanye nokuqina komhlabathi
4. Ukusetshenziswa Kwasekhaya
Imikhiqizo kulo mkhakha ivame ukusetshenziswa njengezihlungi futhi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa;
- Ama-wipes/mops
- Izikhwama zokuhlanza ugesi
- Izindwangu zokugeza
- Izihlungi zasekhishini kanye nezefeni
- Izikhwama zetiye nekhofi
- Izihlungi zekhofi
- Ama-napkin kanye nezindwangu zetafula
Ukwakhiwa kwefenisha: Izivikelo ezingalweni nasemhlane, ukukhahlela umcamelo, ama-lining, iziqiniseko zokuthunga, izinto zokuhlobisa umphetho, upholstery.
Ukwakhiwa kwemibhede: Isisekelo sendwangu, izingxenye zephedi yomatilasi, izembozo zomatilasi.
Ifenisha: amakhethini amafasitela, izembozo zodonga kanye nephansi, izisekelo zekhaphethi, ama-lampshades
5, izingubo zisebenzisa izindwangu ezingalukiwe
ulwelwesi, ulwelwesi olunamathelayo, ama-flakes, ama-stereotypes kakotini, zonke izinhlobo zendwangu yesikhumba yokwenziwa njalo njalo.
· Ukuvikelwa Komuntu Siqu: ukuvikela ukushisa, umlilo, ukunqunywa, ukugwazwa, ukuqhuma, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, uthuli, amakhemikhali anobuthi kanye nezingozi eziphilayo, izingubo zokusebenza ezibonakala kakhulu.
6, Ezokwelapha kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwezempilo
Embonini yezokwelapha kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo, ama-geotextile angalukiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu, njengoba angahlanzwa kalula. Ama-geotextile asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-masks okubulala amagciwane, ama-wet wipes, ama-masks, amanabukeni, izingubo zokuhlinzwa njll.
Imikhiqizo kulo mkhakha ivame ukulahlwa futhi ifaka phakathi;
· Ukulawula Ukutheleleka (ukuhlinzwa): izigqoko ezilahlwayo, amagawuni, imaski kanye nezembozo zezicathulo,
· Ukwelapha Amanxeba: iziponji, amabhandeji kanye nama-wipe.
· Ukwelapha: Ukulethwa kwemithi ye-transdermal, amaphakethe okushisa
7, i-Geosynthetics
- Isembozo se-asphalt
- Ukuqina kwenhlabathi
- Amanzi okudonsa amanzi
- Ukulawulwa kokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokubola kwayo
- Amapayipi echibi
8, Ukuhlunga
Izihlungi zomoya negesi
Uketshezi - uwoyela, ubhiya, ubisi, izinto zokupholisa uketshezi, amajusi ezithelo….
Izihlungi zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo
Imvelaphi kanye nezinzuzo zefeli yendwangu engalukiwe
Imvelaphi yezinto ezingezona ezokulukwa ayikhangi. Eqinisweni, zivela ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwemfucuza yefayibha noma imicu yesibili yekhwalithi esele ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana nokuluka noma ukucubungula isikhumba. Zibuye zabangelwa yimikhawulo yezinto zokusetshenziswa isib. ngesikhathi nangemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili noma kamuva emazweni abuswa ngamakhomanisi eYurophu Ephakathi. Lo msuka ophansi futhi olawulwa yizindleko uholela emaphutheni athile obuchwepheshe nawokumaketha; futhi ngokuyinhloko ubangela imibono emibili engaqondile mayelana nezinto ezingezona ezokulukwa: kucatshangwa ukuthi zizinto ezithatha indawo (ezishibhile); eziningi futhi zizihlanganisa nemikhiqizo elahlwayo futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu zazibheka izinto ezingezona ezokulukwa njengezinto ezishibhile, zekhwalithi ephansi.
Akuzona zonke izinto ezingezona ezelukiwe ezigcina ngezicelo ezilahlwayo. Ingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuhlala isikhathi eside, njengasezindaweni zokuxhumanisa, uphahla, i-geotextile, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto noma zokumboza phansi njll. Kodwa-ke, eziningi izinto ezingezona ezelukiwe ikakhulukazi ezilula zisetshenziswa njengemikhiqizo elahlwayo noma ezifakwa ezintweni ezilahlwayo. Ngokombono wethu, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokugcina sokusebenza kahle. Ukulahlwa kungenzeka kuphela ngemikhiqizo engabizi kakhulu egxila ezicini ezibalulekile kanye nokusebenza futhi inikeze ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingadingekile.
Iningi lezinto ezingalukiwe, noma ezingalahlwa noma ezingalahlwa, ziyizinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ezisebenzayo, isb. ezinokumuncwa okuphezulu kakhulu noma ukugcina ama-wipes, noma ezinobumnene, ezithintayo futhi ezingenazo izakhiwo zokubuyisela amanzi kulezo ezisetshenziswa ezintweni zokuhlanzeka, ezinezici ezivelele zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha egumbini lokuhlinza, noma amathuba okuhlunga angcono ngenxa yobukhulu bama-pores azo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwawo, njll. Azenziwanga ngenhloso yokulahlwa kodwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinye izidingo. Zalahlwa kakhulu ngenxa yemikhakha ezisetshenziswa kuyo (ukuhlanzeka, ukunakekelwa kwempilo) kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zazo. Futhi ukulahlwa ngokuvamile kudala inzuzo eyengeziwe kubasebenzisi. Njengoba izinto ezilahlwayo zingakaze zisetshenziswe ngaphambili, kukhona isiqinisekiso sokuthi zinazo zonke izakhiwo ezidingekayo ngokungafani nezindwangu ezihlanziwe kabusha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 18-2018