Yintoni iilaphu elingalukwanga? Ilaphu elingalukwangayinto efana nelaphu eyenziwe ngefayibha esisiseko (emfutshane) kunye nefayibha ende (ehlala ihleli), edityaniswe ngonyango lweekhemikhali, oomatshini, ubushushu okanye isinyibilikisi. Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwishishini lokuvelisa amalaphu ukubhekisa amalaphu, afana nefelt, angalukwanga okanye angalukwanga. Ezinye izinto ezingalukwanga azinamandla aneleyo ngaphandle kokuba zixinene okanye ziqiniswe yi-backpack. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto ezingalukwanga ziye zaba yindlela eyahlukileyo endaweni ye-polyurethane foam.
Iimpahla ezingekasilwa
I-polyester yeyona micu isetyenziswa kakhulu e-United States; i-olefin kunye ne-nylon zisetyenziselwa amandla azo, kwaye umqhaphu kunye ne-rayon zisetyenziselwa ukufunxa. Ezinye ii-acrylic, i-acetate, kunye ne-vinyon nazo ziyasetyenziswa.
Iifayibha zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo kunye nokusebenza okulindelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwazo. Iifayibha ezintsha, ezisemgangathweni wokuqala zikhethwa kuneefayibha ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye eziphinde zacutshungulwa. Zombini iifayibha ze-staple kunye ne-filament ziyasetyenziswa, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iifayibha zobude obahlukeneyo kunye neefayibha zamaqela ahlukeneyo aqhelekileyo. Ukukhethwa kweefayibha kuxhomekeke kwimveliso ecetywayo, inkathalo enikwa yona, kunye nokuqina okulindelekileyo okanye okufunekayo. Njengakwimveliso yazo zonke iilaphu, ixabiso leefayibha ezisetyenzisiweyo libalulekile, njengoko lona lichaphazela ixabiso lemveliso yokugqibela.
Iimpawu zeimiqulu yelaphu engalukwanga
- Iseti ethile yeempawu ezinokuba nazo ilaphu elingalukwanga ixhomekeke kudibaniso lwezinto ezibangela imveliso yalo. Uluhlu lweempawu lubanzi.
- Inkangeleko yelaphu elingalukwanga inokuba ngathi liphepha, ifana nelaphu elilukiweyo, okanye ifane nelaphu elilukiweyo.
- Zisenokuba nesandla esithambileyo nesiqinileyo, okanye zinokuba nzima, ziqine, okanye zibe zibanzi kwaye aziguquguquki kangako.
- Zisenokuba zincinci njengephepha lethishu okanye zibe nkulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi.
- Zisenokuba zikhanya okanye zingacaci kakuhle.
- Ubungqingqwa bazo bunokwahluka ukusuka ekukrazukeni okuphantsi kunye namandla okugqabhuka ukuya kumandla aphezulu kakhulu okutsalwa.
- Zingenziwa ngokuncamathisela, ukubopha ubushushu, okanye ukuthunga.
- Ukugungqa kolu hlobo lwamalaphu kuyahluka ukusuka kokulungileyo ukuya kokungalungi kwaphela.
- Amanye amalaphu acoceka kakuhle kakhulu; amanye akanazo. Amanye angacocwa nge-dry-cleaner.
iintlobo zelaphu ezingalukwanga
Nazi iintlobo ezine eziphambili zeemveliso ezingalukwanga: i-Spunbound/Spunlace, i-Airlaid, i-Drylaid kunye ne-Wetlaid. Eli nqaku ligubungela ezi ntlobo ziphambili ngokweenkcukacha.
Iintlobo ezine eziphambili neziqhelekileyo zeemveliso ezingalukwanga zezi:
- I-Spunbound/I-Spunlace.
- Ibekwe emoyeni.
- I-Drylaid.
- I-Wetlaid
I-Spunbound/I-Spunlace
Amalaphu axutyiweyo aveliswa ngokubeka iifilaments ezikhutshiweyo, ezisontiweyo kwibhanti yokuqokelela ngendlela efanayo engacwangciswanga elandelwa kukubopha iifilaments. Iifilaments zahlulwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokubeka iiweb ngeejethi zomoya okanye iitshaja ze-electrostatic. Inkonzo yokuqokelela idla ngokugqobhozwa ukuthintela umsinga womoya ukuba ungaphambuki kwaye uthwale iifilaments ngendlela engalawulwayo. Ukubopha kunika amandla kunye nokuthembeka kwiweb ngokusebenzisa imiqulu eshushu okanye iinaliti ezishushu ukunyibilikisa ipolymer kancinci kwaye kudityaniswe iifilaments. Ekubeni ukujongwa kweemolekyuli kwandisa indawo yokunyibilika, iifilaments ezingatsalwanga kakhulu zingasetyenziswa njengeefilaments zokubopha ezishushu. Iipolyethelene okanye ii-copolymers ze-ethylene-propylene ezingacwangciswanga zisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokubopha eziphantsi.
Iimveliso ezibotshelelweyo zisetyenziswa kwikhaphethi, ii-geotextiles, kunye neemveliso zonyango/zococeko ezilahlwayo, iimveliso zeemoto, ubunjineli bokwakha kunye neemveliso zokupakisha.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto ezingalukwanga nge-Spunbound idla ngokuba yeyongayo njengoko imveliso yelaphu idityaniswa nemveliso yefayibha.
I-Airlaid
Inkqubo yokufakwa komoya yinkqubo yokwenza iwebhu engalukwanga esasazeka ibe ngumlambo ohamba ngokukhawuleza ize iwadibanise kwiscreen esihambayo ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo okanye i-vacuum.
Amalaphu afakwe umoya enziwe nge-woodpulp kwaye anomkhwa wokufunxa kakuhle. Angaxutywa ne-SAP ethile ukuphucula amandla awo okufunxa amanzi. I-Airlaid non-woven ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dry paper non-woven. I-nonwoven yenziwa ngenkqubo yokufakela umoya. Ukuhambisa i-woodpulp kwi-bundle yokuhamba komoya ukuze kwenziwe iifayibha zisasazeke kwaye zihlangane kwi-floating web. I-Airlaid non-woven iqiniswe nge-web.
Iimveliso ezingalukwanga ezifakwe emoyeni zisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso kuquka; ukuhlanganiswa kweempahla, iimveliso zonyango nezococeko, izinto zokuhombisa kunye nezinto zokucoca.
I-Drylaid
Iiweb ezifakwe imigca eyomileyo ziveliswa kakhulu kusetyenziswa iifayibha zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngumntu. Ukwenziwa kweeweb ezifakwe imigca eyomileyo kuqulathe amanyathelo ama-4:
Ukulungiswa kwefayibha yesitayile --> Ukuvula, ukucoca, ukuxuba kunye nokudibanisa --> Ukubeka amakhadi --> Ukubeka iwebhu.
Iingenelo zemveliso engalukwanga yeDrylaid ziquka; Ulwakhiwo lwewebhu oluyi-isotropic, iiwebhu ezinkulu zinokuveliswa kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeefayibha ezikwaziyo ukucubungula ezifana nezendalo, ezenziweyo, iglasi, intsimbi kunye nekhabhoni.
Iimveliso ezingalukwanga ezenziwe nge-drylaid zisetyenziswa ziimveliso ezininzi, ukusuka kwii-cosmetic wipes kunye nee-baby diapers ukuya kwiimveliso zokuhluza iziselo.
I-Wetlaid
Izinto ezingalukwanga ezimanzi zizinto ezingalukwanga ezenziwe ngenkqubo yokwenza iphepha eguquliweyo. Oko kukuthi, iifayibha eziza kusetyenziswa zixhonywe emanzini. Injongo ephambili yokwenziwa kwezinto ezingalukwanga ezimanzi kukuvelisa izakhiwo ezineempawu zelaphu, ikakhulu ukuguquguquka namandla, ngesantya esisondela kwezo zinxulumene nokwenza iphepha.
Kusetyenziswa oomatshini bephepha abakhethekileyo ukwahlula amanzi kwiifayibha ukuze kwenziwe iphepha elifanayo lezinto, eliza kuhlanganiswa lize lomiswe. Kwishishini le-roll good, i-5 -10% yee-nonwovens zenziwa ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji emanzi.
I-Wetlaid isetyenziselwa inani elikhulu leemveliso kunye neemveliso. Ezinye zeemveliso eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokumanzisa obungalukwanga ziquka; iphepha leengxowa zeti, amalaphu obuso, i-Shingling kunye nephepha le-synthetic fibre.
Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-non-woven ziquka: Composite, Meltblown, Carded/Carding, Needle punch, Thermal bonded, Chemical bonded kunye neNanotechnology.
IziceloAmalaphu Angalukwanga
Ekubeni ezi zingasebenzi kakuhle ngamakhemikhali, kwaye zingenabungozi kangako kwindalo esingqongileyo, zikhethwa ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo ezininzi.
1, Ezolimo
Ezi laphu zingalukwanga zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukususa ukhula, ukukhusela umaleko ophezulu womhlaba ngexesha lokukhukuliseka komhlaba, kunye nokugcina igadi yakho icocekile kwaye ingenaluthuli. Xa kukho ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, i-geotextile engalukwanga, iya kusebenza njengesihluzo, esingayi kuvumela umhlaba ukuba udlule, ngaloo ndlela ithintele igadi yakho okanye ifama ekulahlekelweni ngumaleko wayo wokuchuma. Iilaphu ze-geotextile zikwabonelela ngokhuseleko lweqhwa kwizityalo eziselula, nakwizityalo ezingakwaziyo ukumelana neemeko ezibandayo.
· Ukhuseleko lomonakalo wezinambuzane: izigqubuthelo zezityalo
· Ukhuseleko lobushushu: iingubo zembewu
· Ukulawula ukhula: amalaphu okuthintela angangeni manzi
Ilaphu lokukhusela izityalo, ilaphu le-nursery, ilaphu lokunkcenkceshela, amakhethini okukhusela ubushushu njalo njalo.
Ezolimo: isigqubuthelo sezityalo;
2, Ishishini
Kwimizi-mveliso emininzi, i-geotextile engalukwanga isetyenziswa njengezinto zokukhusela ubushushu, izinto zokugquma, kunye nezihluzi. Ngenxa yokuba zinamandla okutsala angcono, zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso.
2-1, amalaphu angalukwanga kwimizi-mveliso
izinto zokuqinisa, izinto zokupolisha, izinto zokucoca, izinto zokukhusela, iingxowa zesamente, ii-geotextiles, ilaphu lokugquma njalo njalo.
2-2, Iimoto kunye noThutho
Ukuhlobisa Ngaphakathi: iibhuthi, iishelufu zeepasela, iintloko zeentloko, izigqubuthelo zezihlalo, isigqubuthelo somgangatho, ii-backings kunye neemats, ukutshintshwa kwefoam.
Ubushushu: izikhuseli zobushushu ze-exhaust kunye ne-injini, ii-bonnet liners ezibunjiweyo, ii-silencer pads.
Ukusebenza kwesithuthi: izihluzi zeoyile kunye nomoya, iiplastiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha (iiphaneli zomzimba), iibhuleki zeenqwelo-moya.
3, imboni yokwakha
Iimveliso kweli candelo zihlala ziqinile kwaye zinobukhulu obuphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kuquka;
· Ulawulo lokufakwa kobushushu kunye nokufuma: uphahla kunye nethayile ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ubushushu kunye nokufakwa kobushushu kwisandi
· Ulwakhiwo: Iziseko kunye nokuzinziswa komhlaba
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya
Iimveliso kweli candelo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezihluzi kwaye ziyalahlwa kuquka;
- Iiwipes/iimops
- Iingxowa zokucoca umatshini wokuhlamba impahla
- Amalaphu okuhlamba
- Izihluzi zekhitshi kunye neefeni
- Iingxowa zeti kunye nekofu
- Izihluzi zekofu
- Iinapkin kunye namalaphu etafile
Ukwakhiwa kwefenitshala: Ii-insulators ezifikelela ezingalweni nasemacaleni, ukuthambeka komqamelo, ii-linings, izixhasi zokuthunga, izinto zokuhombisa ezisemacaleni, i-upholstery.
Ukwakhiwa kweebhedi: I-Quilt backing, izinto ezisetyenziswa kumatrasi, izigqubuthelo zomatrasi.
Ifenitshala: amakhethini eefestile, izigqubuthelo zodonga kunye nomgangatho, iikhaphethi ezingasemva, izigqubuthelo zezibane
5, kusetyenziswa amalaphu angalukwanga
i-lining, i-lining enamathelayo, ii-flakes, i-stereotypes yomqhaphu, zonke iintlobo zelaphu lesikhumba elenziweyo njalo njalo.
· Ukhuseleko lomntu: ubushushu bomzimba, umlilo, ukunqunqa, ukuhlaba, ukubulala, izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, uthuli, iikhemikhali ezinobuthi kunye neengozi zebhayoloji, iimpahla zokusebenza ezibonakalayo kakhulu.
6, Ezonyango kunye nezeMpilo
Kwishishini lezonyango nelezempilo, ii-geotextile ezingalukwanga zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kuba zinokucocwa lula. Ii-geotextile zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iimaski zokubulala iintsholongwane, ii-wet wipes, iimaski, ii-diapers, ii-gowns zotyando njl.njl.
Iimveliso kweli candelo zisetyenziswa kakhulu xa zilahlwa kwaye ziquka;
· Ulawulo losulelo (utyando): iikepusi ezilahlwayo, iigawuni, iimaski kunye nezigqubuthelo zezihlangu,
· Ukuphiliswa kwenxeba: iziponji, iibhandeji kunye neewipes.
· Unyango: Ukuhanjiswa kwamayeza e-transdermal, iipakethe zobushushu
7, i-Geosynthetics
- Ingaphezulu le-Asphalt
- Ukuzinziswa komhlaba
- Ukukhupha amanzi
- Ukulawula ukuguguleka kwenkunkuma kunye nokulawula ukukhukuliseka
- Iinqanawa zamachibi
8, ukuhluza
Izihluzi zomoya kunye negesi
Ulwelo - ioyile, ibhiya, ubisi, izinto zokupholisa ezingamanzi, iijusi zeziqhamo….
Izihluzi zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo
Imvelaphi kunye neenzuzo zefeli yelaphu elingalukwanga
Imvelaphi yezinto ezingezizo ezolukiweyo ayithandeki. Enyanisweni, zibangelwe kukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma enemicu okanye imicu yesibini esemgangathweni eshiyekileyo kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezifana nokuluka okanye ukucubungula ulusu. Zikwabangelwa yimida yezinto eziluhlaza umz. ngexesha nasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini okanye kamva kumazwe alawulwa bubukomanisi eYurophu eseMbindini. Le mvelaphi iphantsi nelawulwa yindleko ikhokelela kwiimpazamo zobugcisa nezentengiso; ikwabangela kakhulu iingcamango ezimbini eziphosakeleyo ezisaqhubekayo malunga nezinto ezingezizo ezolukiweyo: zithathwa njengezithatha indawo (ezingabizi kakhulu); uninzi luzidibanisa neemveliso ezilahlwayo kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu bazibona izinto ezingezizo ezolukiweyo njengezinto ezingabizi kakhulu nezikumgangatho ophantsi.
Ayizizo zonke izinto ezingezizo ezolukiweyo eziphelela kwizicelo ezilahlwayo. Inxalenye enkulu yemveliso yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okuhlala ixesha elide, njengakwii-interlinings, uphahla, i-geotextile, iimoto okanye izixhobo zokugquma umgangatho njl. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezinto ezingezizo ezolukiweyo, ingakumbi ezo zilula, zisetyenziswa njengeemveliso ezilahlwayo okanye ezifakwe kwizinto ezilahlwayo. Ngokwembono yethu, olu luphawu lokugqibela lokusebenza kakuhle. Ukulahlwa kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimveliso ezingabizi kakhulu ezigxila kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwaye zibonelele ngaphandle kwezinto ezingafunekiyo.
Uninzi lwezinto ezingalukwanga, nokuba zilahlwayo okanye azilahlwayo, zizinto zobugcisa obuphezulu, ezisebenzayo, umz. ezinokufunxa kakhulu okanye ukugcina iiwipes, okanye zithambile, zithambile kwaye azinazo iimpawu zokubuyela umva kwezo zisetyenziswa kwizinto zococeko, zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kwigumbi lokutya, okanye amathuba angcono okuhluza ngenxa yobukhulu beembobo zazo kunye nokusasazwa kwazo, njl. Azenziwanga ngenjongo yokulahlwa kodwa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nezinye iimfuno. Zilahlwayo ikakhulu ngenxa yamacandelo ezisetyenziswa kuwo (ucoceko, unyango) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zazo. Kwaye ukulahlwayo kudla ngokubangela inzuzo eyongezelelweyo kubasebenzisi. Njengoko izinto ezilahlwayo zingazange zisetyenziswe ngaphambili, kukho isiqinisekiso sokuba zinazo zonke iimpawu ezifunekayo ngokuchaseneyo namalaphu ahlanjwe ngokutsha.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-18-2018