Ko te polypropylene, e kiia nei ko te PP, he kapia kirihou wera e whakamahia ana hei rauemi mata mō te miro mai i ngā muka hangai, ka whiwhihia mā te whakakotahitanga o te polypropylene allomorphic o te propylene. He maha ngā hua o ia rā e hangaia ana mai i te kirihou polypropylene, pērā i ngā pouaka tina matapōkere, ngā ipu ngaruiti, ētahi kapu hākinakina, me ētahi atu.
Hītori o te polypropylene
I ngā rā tōmua, mā te tikanga whakapūhui o te propylene ka taea anake te whiwhi hua peka me te iti o te taumata whakapūhui, he matū whakaiti koretake, ā, kāore he uara mahi Hainamana.
I te tau 1954,
Nā Ziegler rāua ko Natta i hanga te whakakorikori zieglei-natta, ā, i hangaia he polypropylene tioata me te hanganga tino rite, e mōhiotia ana ko te polypropylene isomorphic katoa, ko te polypropylene isotactic rānei.
Ko ngā hua rangahau o tēnei take kua whakatuwhera tonu i ngā huarahi hou i roto i te mara o te whakapūhui mōhiohio, ā, kua whakatakoto i te turanga mō te whanaketanga ahumahi nui o te kaha whakaputa polypropylene me tōna whakamahinga whānui i roto i te whakaputa me te whakahaere i ngā rauemi kirihou me ētahi atu hua muka i Haina.
I te tau 1957 i tīmata tuatahi te hanga ā-ahumahi o te polypropylene isostatic e te kamupene Itari, a Momecatini. Mai i te tau 1958 ki te tau 1960, i whakamahia e te kamupene te polypropylene mō te hanga muka, ā, i whakawhanakehia hoki te muka polypropylene, ko Meraklon te ingoa, i hangaia hoki i te United States me Canada.
I te tau 1963,
I toa a Ahorangi Ziegler rāua ko Natta i te Tohu Nobel. Whai muri i te tau 1964, i whakawhanakehia e mātou ngā muka kiriata polypropylene mō te here, ā, i hangaia hoki ngā muka kakahu me ngā miro whāriki. I ngā tau 1970, nā te tukanga miro poto me ngā taputapu i whakapai ake te hangarau whakaputa muka polypropylene i Haina.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te miro ā-wāhanga, te miro tonu papatipu (BCF) i te tīmatanga mā roto i ngā whāriki me te ahumahi hoki. I tēnei wā, e 90% o ngā uhi whāriki o te ao me te 25% o ngā arai whāriki he mea hanga ki ngā muka polyene.
I te tau 1980,
I te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou mō te hanga muka polypropylene me te polypropylene, inā koa ngā whakakorikori whakarewa me te hanganga o te cuminskine, kua tino pai ake te kounga o ngā kapia polypropylene.
Nā te pai ake o te hanganga auau (he rite tonu te auau o te katoa ki te 99.5%), kua tino pai ake te kounga o te muka polypropylene. I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1980, i whakakapia ētahi muka miro e ngā muka polypropylene pai, ngā papanga mō ngā kakahu me ngā mea kāore i whatuhia, ngā muka karāhe i whakapakarihia e te raima hei utu mō te miro, ngā muka polypropylene rānei i tino ahu whakamua.
I tīmata te Hononga o Amerika me Ūropi ki te whakamahi i te umanga hanga. Tāpirihia ngā mīhini miro BCF, ngā mīhini kakano hau me ngā mīhini miro hiato me ngā papanga kore-whatu, ā, i te tere o te whanaketanga o te putanga mai o tētahi taahiraa whanaketanga i roto i te whakamahinga o ngā wāhanga whakapaipai me te ahumahi o te muka polypropylene.
Haunga te rangahau me te whanaketanga o te muka polypropylene puta noa i te ao, he tino kaha te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakaputa muka rerekē, kua tino whānui ake te mara tono o te muka polypropylene. Nā te mea he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini o te polypropylene o Haina, kāore e paitini, he iti te uara whanaunga, he wera, he ātete matū;
Kua noho te polypropylene hei tētahi o ngā kamupene hoahoa me te whakawhanake hua hou e tere tipu ana, e tino kaha ana hoki, i roto i ngā kapia hangai whānui e rima o runga rawa atu i Haina nā ōna āhuatanga ahurea pēnei i te ngāwari o te tukatuka, te hangarau, te tauira me te whakamahinga anō, me tōna mahi me te utu nui.
Ka taea te whakamahi whānui i te polypropylene i roto i ngā mara o te takai kai, ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e te whare o ia rā, ngā motuka, ngā taputapu kāinga, ngā kākahu, ngā ahuwhenua, te ahumahi muka matū, ngā taputapu ratonga hauora me te ahumahi whānui.
I te tau 2004,
Kua eke te kaha whakaputa polypropylene o te ao ki te 42080kt, kei roto i tēnei ko te 12435kt, tata ki te 31.7% o ngā hua muka, ā, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga ōhanga o tō tātou whenua i te taumata whakaputa polypropylene.
He aha te pānga o te polypropylene ki te papanga kua rehuhia ki te wai rewa?
Te whakaputanga kore-whatu rehu rewa
Ko te rehu whakarewa (te whakarewa pupuhi whakarewa) he tukanga kore-whatu i whakaputahia mā te polymer. He rauemi tātari i whakawhanakehia e te ope taua o Amerika i te tau 1954 hei kohikohi i ngā matūriki irahiko mai i ngā whakamātautau karihi. Kātahi ka tata ki te tau 1965, i hangaia e Exxon, 3M me ētahi atu te whakatupuranga tuatahi o ngā taputapu kore-whatu rehu whakarewa.
Ko te mātāpono o te pūwero tukatuka tauira he tere te rere o te hau wera i roto i te pūwero angiangi e puta mai ana i te whakarewa hei hanga i te muka tino pai, i te mata mata rānei o te pūwero whakatōtika o runga me te pūwero whakakotahi.
Ko ngā rauemi rehu-whakakotahi he papanga kore-whatu i hangaia mā te rehu-whakakotahi he matotoru ake, ā, ko te whakaritenga matapōkere me te paparanga o ngā muka ka hanga he hanganga raraunga hongere piko-maha o ngā rauemi rehu-whakakotahi. Mā tēnei anake ka taea e ngā matūriki (te mate korona hou mā te aerosol) te whakararuraru ahurea ki ētahi atu muka, ā, ka mau.
Ko ngā tikanga tātari o ngā kopare pokanga ko te horapa parauri, te ārai, te tukinga ātete, te whakatakotoranga taumaha me te mimiti hiko. Ko ngā mea tuatahi e whā he āhuatanga ā-tinana, arā, ko te papanga kore-whatu i hangaia mā te tikanga rehu rewa he āhuatanga tātari tata ki te 35%; Kāore tēnei e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā kopare pokanga. Me whakawehewehe te rauemi, me tuku te muka kia utu, me te hopu i te coronavirus hou i roto i te aerosol me te hiko pūmau.
He aha te kakahu rehu rewa?
He momo papanga kore-whatu tēnei, he mea rewa-pūpū. Ko te take e kitea pinepine ai te ingoa o te kaupapa "rehu rewa" i roto i te kōrero, nā te mea he nui te pai o te tātari o te nuinga o ngā kopare mā te paparanga rehu rehu.
Nō reira, kāore te kōrero a te kaupapa i te tika, he momo rauemi ako te polypropylene, ā, he momo kakahu kore-whatu te kakahu rehu rewa, he mārama kāore rāua i te ōrite.
Ina hoki, he whanaungatanga kei waenganui i ngā mea e rua, tata ki te 70% ~ 80% o te mākete he mea hanga ki te polypropylene. He kopare noa, he mea hanga katoa ki te polypropylene. Engari tuatahi, ki te mea he mea hanga te kopare ki te polypropylene, ehara i te mea he paparanga rehu rewa te aroaro.
Ko te kakahu rehu rewa te ngako o te kopare
Hei tauira, ko te kopare N95 mō ngā umanga whānui ki te whakamahi i tētahi hanganga whatunga maha-paparanga, e kiia nei ko te hanganga SMS: kei roto, kei waho hoki i ngā taha e rua o tētahi paparanga miro kotahi (S); ko te waenganui ko te paparanga rehu rewa (M), e wehea whānuitia ana ki tētahi paparanga kotahi, ki ētahi paparanga maha rānei.
Ko te kiriata mata rererangi he rehu PP spunbond rewa PP spunbond, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi paparanga muka poto, hei whakapai ake i te pā o te kiri. Ko ngā kopare kapu toru-ahu he miro PET polyester ngira + rehu hanumi + miro ngira, he miro PP spunbond rānei.
Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei wehe i te pata o ngā tūroro; He pai te tātari, te tiaki, te whakamarumaru me te mimiti hinu o te papanga kore-whatu rehu rewa reo kua rongoatia motuhake, he rauemi mata nui tēnei mō te hanga kopare. Ko te paparanga o roto ko te papanga kore-whatu noa. Ahakoa he papanga kore-whatu te paparanga miro-honohono (S) me te paparanga rehu honohono (M) o te kopare, he mea hanga mai i te polypropylene, he rerekē te tukanga whakaputa.
I roto i ēnei, he matotoru te whānui o ngā pūtau muka kua mirohia i ngā taha e rua o roto, o waho hoki, tata ki te 20 maikorona te whānui. Ko te whānui o ngā muka paparanga rehu-hanumi o waenganui he 2 maikorona noa iho, ā, he mea hanga ki te tikanga rauemi hiato polypropylene e taea te kī he muka ngako-hanumi teitei.
Mō te whakaurunga o te polypropylene rehu rewa, he kaihanga papanga kore-whatu ngaio mātou, hua: papanga kore-whatu raranga ngira,papanga kore-whatu miro,papanga geotextile kore-whatu, me ētahi atu, nau mai ki te kōrero!~
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-14-2020