Polypropylene, izwi nka PP, ni resine ya thermoplastic ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo kuzunguruka bivuye mu nsinga za sintetike, iboneka binyuze mu gupolima polypropylene ya allomorphic ya propylene. Ibikoresho byinshi bya buri munsi bikozwe muri plastiki ya polypropylene, nk'udusanduku tw'amafunguro dukoresha mu buryo bugaragara, ibikoresho bya mikoroonde, ibikombe bimwe na bimwe bya siporo, nibindi.
Amateka ya polypropylene
Mu minsi ya mbere, uburyo bwa polymerization bwa propylene bushobora kubona gusa ibicuruzwa bifite amashami afite polymerization nkeya, ikaba ari ikintu kigabanya ibintu kidahinduka kandi kidafite agaciro gafatika mu Bushinwa.
Mu 1954,
Ziegler na Natta bavumbuye catalyst ya zieglei-natta maze bakora polypropylene ya crystalline ifite imiterere ihamye, izwi nka polypropylene isomorphic cyangwa polypropylene isotactic.
Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi kuri iki kibazo byakomeje gutanga icyerekezo gishya mu rwego rwo gupima amakuru no gushyiraho urufatiro rw'iterambere rinini ry'inganda mu bushobozi bwo gukora polypropylene no kuyikoresha mu buryo bwagutse mu gukora no gucunga ibikoresho bya pulasitiki n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya fibre mu Bushinwa.
Umusaruro w’inganda wa polypropylene isostatic watangiye kuboneka mu 1957 n’ikigo cy’Abataliyani cyitwa Momecatini. Kuva mu 1958 kugeza mu 1960, icyo kigo cyakoresheje polypropylene mu gukora fibre ndetse giteza imbere fibre ya polypropylene, yitwa Meraklon, nayo yakorerwaga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada.
Mu 1963,
Porofeseri Ziegler na Natta begukanye igihembo cya Nobel. Nyuma ya 1964, twakoze imigozi ya firime ya polypropylene yo gufunga no gukora imigozi y'imyenda n'imyenda yo ku meza. Mu myaka ya 1970, uburyo bwo kuzunguruka n'ibikoresho byo mu gihe gito byanogeje ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora fibre ya polypropylene mu Bushinwa.
Interphase, bulk continuous filament (BCF) ishobora gukoreshwa mu ntangiriro binyuze mu matapi ndetse no mu nganda. Ubu, 90% by'ibipfukisho bya tapi ku isi na 25% by'amashuka ya tapi bikozwe mu migozi ya polyene.
Mu 1980,
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gukora imigozi ya polypropylene na polypropylene, cyane cyane imashini zikora ibintu bikozwe mu byuma ndetse n’ivumburwa rya cuminskine, ubwiza bwa polypropylene resins bwarushijeho kuba bwiza cyane.
Kubera imiterere yayo isanzwe (yose hamwe n’uburyo isanzwe bwa 99.5%), ubwiza bw’umugozi wa polypropylene bwarushijeho kuba bwiza cyane. Hagati mu myaka ya 1980, by’umwihariko, imigozi myiza ya polypropylene yasimbuye imigozi imwe n’imwe y’ipamba, imyenda y’imyenda n’iy’ibitari ipamba, imigozi y’ibirahure bya sima aho gukoresha ipamba cyangwa imigozi ya polypropylene byateye imbere cyane.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba byatangiye gukoresha inganda z'ubwubatsi. Ongeraho imashini zizunguza za BCF, imashini zizunguza umwuka n'imashini zizunguza zivanze n'imyenda idafunze ndetse n'iterambere ryihuse ry'iterambere ry'intambwe mu gukoresha uduce tw'imitako n'inganda twa fibre ya polypropylene ryarushijeho kwaguka.
Uretse ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya fibre ya polypropylene bikorwa ku isi yose, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora fibre zitandukanye rirakora cyane, ibyo bikaba byaragutse cyane mu ikoreshwa rya fibre ya polypropylene. Kubera ko polypropylene yo mu Bushinwa ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, ntigira uburozi, ubucucike buke, ubushyuhe, ubudahangarwa bw'imiti;
Polypropylene yabaye imwe mu masosiyete atunganya no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya yihuta kandi akora cyane mu ma resin atanu ya mbere akoreshwa mu bushinwa kubera imiterere yayo y'umuco nko koroshya gutunganya, ikoranabuhanga, gukora ibishushanyo mbonera no kongera gukoreshwa, hamwe n'imikorere yayo iri hejuru n'igiciro cyayo.
Polypropylene ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gupfunyika ibiryo, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bya buri munsi, imodoka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, imyenda, ubuhinzi, inganda z'imiti, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi ndetse n'inganda rusange.
Mu 2004,
Ubushobozi bwo gukora polypropylene ku isi bwageze kuri 42080kt, muri yo hakaba harimo fibre 12435kt, hafi 31.7%, igihugu cyacu nacyo gifite umuvuduko wihuse mu iterambere ry’ubukungu.
Ni iki polypropylene ihuriyeho n'igitambaro gishongeshejwe?
Gukora spray idashonga
Imashini isesa amazi (melt blow molding) ni uburyo budakoreshwa mu kuboha buvanwamo na polymer. Ni ibikoresho byo kuyungurura byakozwe n'ingabo zirwanira mu mazi za Amerika mu 1954 kugira ngo bikusanye uduce twa radiyo twavuye mu bizamini bya kirimbuzi. Hanyuma ahagana mu 1965, exxon, 3M n'izindi zakoze ibikoresho bya mbere bya melt spray bitakozwe mu kuboha.
Ihame ryo gutunganya umuyoboro w'amazi. Umuvuduko muto wa polymeri w'umwuka ushyushye uvanwa mu gushonga ufite umuvuduko mwinshi ku buryo ukora fibre nziza cyane cyangwa mesh screen y'ingunguru yo hejuru ikomera kandi ihuza.
Ibikoresho byo gutera umuti mu buryo bwa "fusion-spray" ni imyenda idakozwe mu buryo bwa "fusion-spray" ifite ubugari bwinshi, kandi imiterere y’imigozi inyuranye n’iy’izindi nganda ikora imiterere y’amakuru y’imiyoboro myinshi ihuza ibikoresho byo gutera umuti mu buryo bwa "fusion-spray". Muri ubu buryo gusa, uduce (coronavirus nshya iterwa n’umwuka) dushobora gutera ihuriro ry’imico n’indi migozi maze igafatwa.
Uburyo bwo kuyungurura udupfukamunwa two kubaga ni ugukwirakwiza udupfukamunwa tw’umukara, gufata udupfukamunwa, gukubitana kw’ibinure, gushyira imbaraga z’uburemere mu kirere no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Ibintu bine bya mbere ni ibintu bifatika, ni ukuvuga ko umwenda udakozwe mu buryo bwo gushonga ufite umwihariko wo kuyungurura hafi 35%; Ibi ntibihuye n’ibisabwa na dupfukamunwa two kubaga. Tugomba gutandukanya ibikoresho, tukareka fibre igatanga umuriro, hanyuma tugafata coronavirus nshya mu mwuka dukoresheje amashanyarazi adahindagurika.
Igitambaro cyo gusukamo amavuta gishongesha ni iki?
Ni ubwoko bw'umwenda udashonga ushongeshejwe. Impamvu ukunze kubona izina ry'insanganyamatsiko iherutse kuvugwaho yo "gushonga" ni uko udupfukamunwa twinshi tugira ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura neza binyuze mu gice cyo gusukura.
Bityo rero, ibivugwa n'umuntu ntabwo ari byo, polypropylene ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo kwigiraho, naho igitambaro cyo gushonga gishongesha ni ubwoko bw'igitambaro kidaboshye, byombi biragaragara ko bidahwanye.
Mu by’ukuri, hari isano iri hagati y’ibyo byombi, hafi 70% ~ 80% by’isoko bikozwe muri polypropylene. Udupfukamunwa dusanzwe, twose dukozwe muri polypropylene. Ariko icya mbere, niba iyo mask ikozwe muri polypropylene, kuba ihari ntabwo ari ngombwa ko iba ari urwego rwo gushonga.
Agapfukamunwa gashobora gukoreshwa mu gihe runaka
Igitambaro cyashongeshejwe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu gupfuka
Urugero, agapfukamunwa ka N95 ku bigo rusange gakoresha imiterere y’umuyoboro w’ibice byinshi, byitwa imiterere ya SMS: imbere n’inyuma y’impande ebyiri z’urwego rumwe rugizwe n’ibice bibiri (S); Hagati ni urwego rushongeshejwe (M), muri rusange rugabanyijemo urwego rumwe cyangwa binyuze mu byiciro byinshi.
Agapira ko mu maso gakozwe mu buryo bwa Plane ni PP spunbond melt spray PP spunbond, gashobora no kuba agace k'udupira duto, kugira ngo uruhu rurusheho gukora neza. Udupfukamunwa tw'ibikombe dufite imiterere itatu muri rusange ni ipamba ya PET polyester ikozwe mu buryo bwa needled + spray ikozwe mu buryo bwa needled + ipamba ya PP cyangwa spunbond ikozwe mu buryo bwa PP.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutandukanya ikinini cy’abarwayi; Igitambaro cyavuwe neza gikozwe mu buryo bwihariye kidashonga gifite uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura, kurinda, gukingira no kwinjiza amavuta, kikaba ari ingenzi mu gukora mask. Igice cy’imbere ni igitambaro gisanzwe kidashonga. Nubwo urwego rwa spunbonne (S) n’urwego rwa spray (M) bya mask ari imyenda idashonga ikozwe muri polypropylene, uburyo bwo kuyikora buratandukanye.
Muri zo, uturemangingo tw’imigozi dukozwe mu migozi ku mpande zombi z’imbere n’inyuma dufite umurambararo munini, hafi mikoroni 20 z’umurambararo. Udupira two hagati two mu migozi dukoreshwa mu gusya ingano muri rusange dufite umurambararo wa mikoroni 2 gusa kandi dukozwe mu buryo bwa polypropylene buvanze bushobora kwitwa imigozi ifite ibinure byinshi.
Hejuru ku bijyanye no gutangiza polypropylene ishongesha, turi abakora imyenda idaboshye, ibicuruzwa: imyenda idaboshye,umwenda udafite imigozi uboshye,umwenda wa geotextile udakoze mu budodo, n'ibindi, murakaza neza kugira ngo mugire inama! ~
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 14 Mata-2020