Polypropylene, inonzi PP, ipurasitiki inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinotenderera kubva mushinda dzekugadzira, izvo zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzira polypropylene inogadzira allomorphic. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemazuva ese zvinogadzirwa nepurasitiki yepolypropylene, zvakaita semabhokisi emasikati anoraswa akajeka, midziyo ye microwave, mamwe makapu emitambo, nezvimwewo.
Nhoroondo ye polypropylene
Pakutanga, nzira ye polymerization ye propylene inogona chete kuwana zvigadzirwa zvine matavi zvine mwero wakaderera we polymerization, iyo iri amorphous reducing compound uye haina kukosha kweChinese pragmatic.
Muna 1954,
Ziegler naNatta vakagadzira zieglei-natta catalyst ndokugadzira crystalline polypropylene ine chimiro chakafanana, inozivikanwa sefully isomorphic polypropylene kana isotactic polypropylene.
Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa kwenyaya iyi yakaramba ichivhura nzira itsva mumunda we polymerization yeruzivo uye yakaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kukuru kwemaindasitiri kwesimba rekugadzira polypropylene uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura mukugadzirwa nekutarisira zvinhu zvepurasitiki nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefiber muChina.
Kugadzirwa kwepolypropylene inogadzika mumaindasitiri kwakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1957 nekambani yeItaly inonzi Momecatini. Kubva muna 1958 kusvika 1960, kambani iyi yakashandisa polypropylene pakugadzira fiber uye yakagadzira polypropylene fiber, inonzi Meraklon, iyo yakagadzirwawo muUnited States neCanada.
Muna 1963,
Purofesa Ziegler naNatta vakahwina Mubairo weNobel. Mushure megore ra1964, takagadzira mafiber epolypropylene film ekubatanidza uye takagadzira mafiber emucheka nekapeti. Mumakore ekuma1970, maitiro ekumonera mapfupi nemidziyo zvakavandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira polypropylene fiber muChina.
Filament inopindirana pakati pechikamu, bulk continuous filament (BCF) inogona kushandiswa pakutanga kuburikidza nemakapeti pamwe chete neindasitiri. Parizvino, 90% yemakapeti epasi rose uye 25% yemachira emakapeti zvakagadzirwa nepolyene fibers.
Muna 1980,
Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva dzekugadzira polypropylene nepolypropylene fibers, kunyanya metalliferous catalysts uye kugadzirwa kwecuminskine, mhando yepolypropylene resins yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakavandudzwa (zvese zvine mwero wakafanana we99.5%), hunhu hwepolypropylene fiber hwakavandudzika zvikuru. Pakati pemakore ekuma1980, kunyanya, fibers dzakapfava dzepolypropylene dzakatsiva mamwe fibers edonje, machira emachira neasina kurukwa, fibers dzegirazi dzakasimbiswa nekongiri panzvimbo pedonje kana nefibers dzepolypropylene dzakafambira mberi zvikuru.
Nyika dzeUnited States neWestern Europe dzakatanga kushandisa indasitiri yekuvaka. Wedzera michina yekumonera yeBCF, michina yekumonera mhepo uye michina yekumonera yakagadzirwa nemachira asina kurukwa uye kukura nekukurumidza kwekuvandudzwa kwedanho mukushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzekushongedza uye dzemaindasitiri dzepolypropylene fiber kwakawedzera.
Pamusoro pekutsvagisa nekusimudzira polypropylene fiber pasi rose, kukura kwetekinoroji yekugadzira polypropylene fiber kwakakura, izvo zvakawedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekushandisa polypropylene fiber. Nekuti polypropylene yeChina ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, haina chepfu, haina huwandu hwakanyanya, inopisa, uye haidziviriri makemikari;
Polypropylene yave imwe yemakambani ekugadzira nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva ari kukura nekukurumidza uye ari kushanda zvakanyanya pakati pemakambani mashanu epamusoro ekugadzira maresini ekugadzira muChina nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwetsika dzakadai sekureruka kwekugadzirisa, tekinoroji, prototyping uye kushandiswazve, uye mashandiro ayo epamusoro uye mutengo wayo.
Polypropylene inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yekurongedza chikafu, zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zvemumba, mota, midziyo yemumba, zvipfeko, kurima, indasitiri yemakemikari fiber, midziyo yekurapa uye indasitiri yakajairika.
Muna 2004,
Kukwanisa kwekugadzirwa kwepolypropylene pasi rose kwasvika 42080kt, pakati payo ine fiber product ye12435kt, inenge 31.7%, uye nyika yedu iriwo nekukura kwehupfumi nekukurumidza.
Polypropylene ine chekuita nei nejira rakanyungudutswa?
Kunyungudutsa spray isina kugadzirwa
Kunyungudutsa (melt blow molding) inzira isingarukwe inoburitswa nepolymer. Ichinhu chekusefa chakagadzirwa nemauto emugungwa eUS muna 1954 kuti chiunganidze zvidimbu zvine mwaranzi kubva mukuyedzwa kwenyukireya. Zvadaro, kunenge muna 1965, exxon, 3M nedzimwe dzakagadzira chizvarwa chekutanga chemidziyo isina kurukwa inonyunguduka.
Musimboti wekugadzirisa dhiramu, muromo wemuromo unoyerera nepolymer yakatetepa yemhepo inopisa inoburitswa nekunyunguduka ine kumhanya kukuru zvekuti inoumba fiber yakanaka kwazvo kana mesh screen yedhiramu repamusoro rinosimba uye rinobatana.
Zvinhu zvinopfapfaidza nekubatanidza machira asina kurukwa anogadzirwa nekupfapfaidza nekubatanidza machira ane ukobvu hwakakora, uye kurongeka kweshinda dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakaparadzana kunoumba chimiro chedata remugero wekubatanidza machira. Nenzira iyi chete ndipo panogona kukonzera kuti zvidimbu (coronavirus itsva neaerosol) zvikonzere kupesana kwetsika nedzimwe shinda zvibatwe.
Nzira dzekusefa dzemasiki ekuvhiya dzinosanganisira kupararira kwebrown, kubatwa, kugongana kweinertia, kugadzika kwegiravhiti uye kunyungudika kweelectrostatic. Zvina zvekutanga zvinhu zvepanyama, kureva kuti, jira risina kurukwa rinogadzirwa nenzira yekunyungudutsa spray rine hunhu hwekusefa hunosvika 35%; Izvi hazvisanganisi zvinodiwa nemasiki ekuvhiya. Tinofanira kuparadzanisa zvinhu, kurega fiber ichichaja, uye kubata coronavirus itsva muaerosol nemagetsi asingachinji.
Chii chinonzi jira rekupfapfaidza rakanyunguduka?
Imhando yejira risina kurukwa rinonyungudika. Chikonzero chaunowanzoona zita renyaya yemasiki ye "melt spray" iri kukurukurwa ndechekuti masks mazhinji anobudirira zvikuru nekupfapfaidza spray layer.
Saka, zvataurwa nemusoro wenyaya hazvina kururama, polypropylene rudzi rwezvinhu zvekudzidza, uye jira rekupfapfaidza rakanyunguduka rudzi rwejira risina kurukwa, zviri pachena kuti maviri aya haana kufanana.
Kutaura zvazviri, pane hukama huripo pakati pezviviri izvi, inenge 70% ~ 80% yemusika inogadzirwa nepolypropylene. Masiki akajairwa, ese akagadzirwa nepolypropylene. Asi chekutanga, kana mask yacho yakagadzirwa nepolypropylene, kuvapo kwayo hakusi kuti ndiyo spray layer yakanyungudutswa.
Jira rakanyungudutswa ndiro chinhu chikuru pamasiki
Tinogona kupa muenzaniso, chifukidzo cheN95 chekuti makambani ese ashandise chimiro chenetwork chine layer yakawanda, chinonzi chimiro cheSMS: mukati nekunze kwemativi maviri echikamu chimwe chete che spunbonded (S); Pakati pane chikamu che spray chakanyungudutswa (M), icho chinowanzo kamurwa kuita chikamu chimwe chete kana kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakawanda.
Firimu rechiso cheplane rinowanzo shandiswa sePP spunbond melt spray PP spunbond, rinogonawo kuva jira reshinda pfupi, kuitira kuti ganda rinyatsobata zvakanaka. Masiki emugobvu ane mativi matatu anowanzo shandiswa sePET polyester needled cotton + fused spray + needled cotton kana PP spunbonded.
Inonyanya kushandiswa kuparadzanisa madonhwe evarwere; Jira repurasitiki rakanyatsogadzirwa rine mushonga wekupfapfaidza, kudzivirira, kudzivirira kupisa uye kunyudza mafuta, rinova chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira masiki. Chidimbu chemukati ndicho jira risingarukwe. Kunyangwe jira rakarukwa (S) nejira rakarukwa (M) remasiki ari machira asina kurukwa akagadzirwa nepolypropylene, maitiro ekugadzira akasiyana.
Pakati pawo, masero e-spunbonded fibrous ari kumativi ese emukati nekunze ane dhayamita yakakora, dhayamita inosvika 20 microns. Mafiber epakati e-fusion-spray layer anowanzova dhayamita maviri chete uye anogadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwepolypropylene composite material hunogona kunzi mafiber ane mafuta akawanda.
Pamusoro pekuunzwa kwepurasitiki inonyungudutsa inonyungudutsa, isu tiri vagadziri vemachira asina kurukwa vane hunyanzvi, zvigadzirwa: jira risina kurukwa netsono,jira risina kurukwa rakagadzirwa nesimbi,jira re geotextile risina kurukwa, nezvimwewo, tinokugamuchirai kuti mubvunze!~
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-14-2020