Polypropylene, yotchedwa PP, ndi utomoni wa thermoplastic womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopangira kupota kuchokera ku ulusi wopangidwa, womwe umapezeka mwa kupopera kwa polypropylene yofanana ndi ya propylene. Zinthu zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki ya polypropylene, monga mabokosi owonekera a nkhomaliro, zotengera za microwave, makapu ena amasewera, ndi zina zotero.
Mbiri ya polypropylene
M'masiku oyambirira, njira yopangira polymer ya propylene imatha kupeza zinthu zokhala ndi nthambi zokhala ndi polymerization yotsika, yomwe ndi mankhwala ochepetsa amorphous ndipo ilibe phindu lachi China.
Mu 1954,
Ziegler ndi Natta adapanga zieglei-natta catalyst ndipo adapanga polypropylene yopangidwa ndi crystalline yokhala ndi kapangidwe kake kapamwamba, komwe kamadziwika kuti fully isomorphic polypropylene kapena isotactic polypropylene.
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa nkhaniyi zatsegula njira zatsopano m'munda wa polymerization ya chidziwitso ndipo zakhazikitsa maziko a chitukuko chachikulu cha mafakitale cha mphamvu zopangira polypropylene komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu popanga ndi kuyang'anira zipangizo zapulasitiki ndi zinthu zina za ulusi ku China.
Kupanga kwa polypropylene ya isostatic kunayamba kuchitika mu 1957 ndi kampani yaku Italy ya Momecatini. Kuyambira 1958 mpaka 1960, kampaniyo idagwiritsa ntchito polypropylene popanga ulusi ndipo idapanga ulusi wa polypropylene, wotchedwa Meraklon, womwe udapangidwanso ku United States ndi Canada.
Mu 1963,
Pulofesa Ziegler ndi Natta adapambana Mphoto ya Nobel. Pambuyo pa 1964, tinapanga ulusi wa filimu ya polypropylene yomangira ndi kupanga ulusi wa nsalu ndi ulusi wa makapeti. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, njira yozungulira yaifupi komanso zida zinasintha ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wa polypropylene ku China.
Ulusi wozungulira pakati pa magawo awiri, bulk continuous filament (BCF) ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyamba kudzera m'makapeti komanso m'makampani. Pakadali pano, 90% ya zophimba makapeti padziko lonse lapansi ndi 25% ya zophimba makapeti zimapangidwa ndi ulusi wa polyene.
Mu 1980,
Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano wopanga ulusi wa polypropylene ndi polypropylene, makamaka ma catalyst achitsulo komanso kupangidwa kwa cuminskine, ubwino wa ma polypropylene resins wakula kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kokhazikika (konse ndi kachitidwe kofanana ka 99.5%), ubwino wa ulusi wa polypropylene unakula kwambiri. Pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, makamaka, ulusi wa polypropylene wopyapyala unalowa m'malo mwa ulusi wa thonje, nsalu za nsalu ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, ulusi wagalasi wolimbikitsidwa ndi konkire m'malo mwa thonje kapena ulusi wa polypropylene unapita patsogolo kwambiri.
United States, Western Europe zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makampani omanga. Kuwonjezera makina opota a BCF, makina opaka mpweya ndi makina opota ophatikizana ndi nsalu zopanda nsalu komanso kukula kwachangu kwa chitukuko cha sitepe pogwiritsa ntchito madera okongoletsera ndi mafakitale a polypropylene fiber kunakula kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera pa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi chitukuko cha ulusi wa polypropylene, chitukuko cha ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wosiyanasiyana chikugwira ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zakulitsa kwambiri gawo logwiritsira ntchito ulusi wa polypropylene. Chifukwa polypropylene yaku China ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakanika, zopanda poizoni, zotsika mtengo, kutentha, komanso kukana mankhwala;
Polypropylene yakhala imodzi mwa makampani opanga zinthu zatsopano omwe akukula mwachangu komanso ogwira ntchito kwambiri pakati pa makampani asanu apamwamba opanga zinthu ku China chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake monga kusavuta kukonza, ukadaulo, kupanga zitsanzo ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito, komanso magwiridwe antchito ake apamwamba komanso mtengo wake.
Polypropylene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'magawo opaka chakudya, zofunikira zapakhomo tsiku ndi tsiku, magalimoto, zida zapakhomo, zovala, ulimi, makampani opanga ulusi wa mankhwala, zida zamankhwala komanso mafakitale wamba.
Mu 2004,
Mphamvu yopanga polypropylene padziko lonse lapansi yafika pa 42080kt, yomwe ndi ulusi wa 12435kt, pafupifupi 31.7%, ndipo dziko lathu lili ndi liwiro lachangu kwambiri pakukula kwachuma chifukwa cha polypropylene.
Kodi polypropylene imakhudzana bwanji ndi nsalu yosungunuka?
Sungunulani spray yopanda ulusi
Kusungunula kwa Melt Spray (kusungunula kwa Melt Blow Molding) ndi njira yosalukidwa yotulutsidwa ndi polima. Ndi zinthu zosefera zomwe zidapangidwa ndi asilikali ankhondo aku US mu 1954 kuti zisonkhanitse tinthu ta radioactive kuchokera ku mayeso a nyukiliya. Kenako cha m'ma 1965, Exxon, 3M ndi ena adapanga zida zoyamba zosalukidwa za Melt Spray.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito draft processing nozzle orifice. Kuyenda kwa polima woonda wa mpweya wotentha womwe umatuluka posungunuka kumakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu kotero kuti amapanga ulusi wabwino kwambiri kapena chophimba cha maukonde cha kulimba kwapamwamba ndi ng'oma yolumikizana.
Zipangizo zopopera ndi nsalu zosalukidwa zopangidwa ndi kupopera ndi makulidwe okhuthala, ndipo dongosolo losasinthika komanso losakanikirana la ulusi limapanga kapangidwe ka deta ya njira zambiri zopopera ndi kusakaniza. Mwanjira imeneyi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (coronavirus yatsopano yopangidwa ndi aerosol) tingayambitse kugundana kwachikhalidwe ndi ulusi wina ndikugwidwa.
Njira zosefera za masks opaleshoni ndi kufalikira kwa bulauni, kutsekereza, kugwedezeka kwa inertia, kuyika mphamvu yokoka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa electrostatic. Zinayi zoyambirira ndi zinthu zakuthupi, ndiko kuti, nsalu yosalukidwa yopangidwa ndi njira yosungunula spray imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osefa pafupifupi 35%; Izi sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira za masks opaleshoni. Tiyenera kugawa zinthuzo, kulola ulusi kuti ukhale wamphamvu, ndikujambula kachilombo ka corona komwe kali mu aerosol ndi magetsi osasunthika.
Kodi nsalu yopopera yosungunuka ndi chiyani?
Ndi mtundu wa nsalu yopanda ulusi yomwe imasungunuka. Chifukwa chomwe nthawi zambiri mumawona dzina la mutu wa chigoba cha "melt spray" chomwe chatchulidwa posachedwapa chikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti zigoba zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu yosefera bwino pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la spray spray.
Chifukwa chake, mawu a munthuyo si olondola, polypropylene ndi mtundu wa zinthu zophunzirira, ndipo nsalu yopopera yosungunuka ndi mtundu wa nsalu yosalukidwa, ziwirizi sizili zofanana.
Ndipotu, pali ubale winawake pakati pa awiriwa, pafupifupi 70% ~ 80% ya msika imapangidwa ndi polypropylene. Zophimba nkhope wamba, zonse zimapangidwa ndi polypropylene. Koma choyamba, ngati chophimba nkhopecho chapangidwa ndi polypropylene, kupezeka kwake sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala ngati chopopera chosungunuka.
Nsalu yopopera yosungunuka ndiyo mtima wa chigoba
Tikhoza kupereka chitsanzo, chigoba cha N95 kuti mabizinesi wamba azigwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka netiweki ka multilayer, kotchedwa SMS structure: mkati ndi kunja kwa mbali ziwiri za single spunbonded layer (S); Pakati pali melted spray layer (M), yomwe nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magawo amodzi kapena kudzera m'magawo angapo.
Filimu ya nkhope ya Plane ndi PP spunbond melt spray PP spunbond nthawi zambiri, komanso imatha kukhala ndi ulusi waufupi, kuti ipangitse khungu kukhudza bwino. Ma masks a goblet okhala ndi miyeso itatu nthawi zambiri amakhala thonje lopangidwa ndi polyester lopangidwa ndi PET polyester + fused spray + thonje lopangidwa ndi singano kapena PP spunbond.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupatula madontho a odwala; Nsalu yothira mankhwala osungunuka apakatikati yomwe imakonzedwa mwapadera imakhala ndi kusefa bwino, kuteteza, kutchinjiriza komanso kuyamwa mafuta, zomwe ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga chigoba. Chigoba chamkati ndi nsalu yodziwika bwino yopanda ulusi. Ngakhale kuti chigoba chophwanyika (S) ndi chigoba chophwanyika (M) cha chigoba ndi nsalu zopanda ulusi zopangidwa ndi polypropylene, njira yopangira ndi yosiyana.
Pakati pawo, maselo a ulusi opindika mbali zonse ziwiri zamkati ndi zakunja ndi okhuthala pang'ono m'mimba mwake, pafupifupi ma microns 20 m'mimba mwake. Ulusi wapakati wa fusion-spray nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi ma microns awiri okha m'mimba mwake ndipo umapangidwa ndi njira ya polypropylene composite material yomwe ingatchedwe ulusi wamafuta ambiri.
Pamwambapa za kuyambitsa kusungunuka kwa polypropylene, ndife akatswiri opanga nsalu zosaluka, zinthu: nsalu yosaluka singano,nsalu yopanda ulusi yopangidwa ndi ma spunbond,nsalu ya geotextile yosalukidwa, ndi zina zotero, talandirani kuti mukambirane! ~
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-14-2020