I-Polypropylene, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PP, yi-resin ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza zokujikeleza ezivela kwi-synthetic fibers, efunyanwa ngokupholisha i-polypropylene ye-allomorphic ye-propylene. Iimveliso ezininzi zemihla ngemihla zenziwe ngeplastiki ye-polypropylene, ezifana neebhokisi zesidlo sasemini ezilahlwayo ezibonakalayo, izikhongozeli ze-microwave, iikomityi ezithile zemidlalo, njl.
Imbali ye-polypropylene
Kwimihla yokuqala, indlela yokwenza i-polymerization ye-propylene inokufumana kuphela iimveliso ezinamasebe anezinga eliphantsi le-polymerization, eliyi-compound yokunciphisa i-amorphous kwaye ayinaxabiso elisebenzayo laseTshayina.
Ngo-1954,
UZiegler kunye noNatta basungula i-zieglei-natta catalyst baza benza i-crystalline polypropylene enobume obuphezulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fully isomorphic polypropylene okanye i-isotactic polypropylene.
Iziphumo zophando zale ngxaki ziye zavula rhoqo iindlela ezintsha kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwe-polymerization yolwazi kwaye zabeka isiseko sophuhliso olukhulu lwemizi-mveliso ye-polypropylene kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kwimveliso kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zeplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso zefayibha eTshayina.
Imveliso yemizi-mveliso ye-isostatic polypropylene yaqalwa ukwenziwa ngo-1957 yinkampani yase-Itali iMomecatini. Ukususela ngo-1958 ukuya ku-1960, le nkampani yasebenzisa i-polypropylene ukuvelisa ifayibha yaza yaphuhlisa ifayibha ye-polypropylene, ebizwa ngokuba yiMeraklon, eyaveliswa eMelika naseKhanada.
Ngo-1963,
UNjingalwazi uZiegler kunye noNatta baphumelele iMbasa yeNobel. Emva kowe-1964, saphuhlisa imicu yefilimu yepolypropylene yokubopha saza senza imicu yelaphu kunye nemicu yekhaphethi. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, inkqubo yokujikeleza okufutshane kunye nezixhobo zaphucula itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ifayibha yepolypropylene eTshayina.
I-interphase, i-bulk continuous filament (BCF) ingasetyenziswa ekuqaleni ngeekhaphethi kunye nakwishishini. Okwangoku, i-90% yeekhaphethi ezigqunywe kwihlabathi liphela kunye ne-25% yeekhaphethi zenziwe ngeefayibha ze-polyene.
Ngo-1980,
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha yokuvelisa iifayibha zepolypropylene kunye nepolypropylene, ingakumbi ii-catalysts ze-metaliferous kunye nokuyilwa kwe-cuminskine, umgangatho wee-resin zepolypropylene uphucuke kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwesakhiwo sayo esiqhelekileyo (zonke zinomgangatho ofanayo we-99.5%), umgangatho wefayibha ye-polypropylene uphucuke kakhulu. Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980, ngokukodwa, iifayibha ze-polypropylene ezintle zathatha indawo yeefayibha zekotoni, amalaphu eempahla kunye nee-nonwovens, iifayibha zeglasi eziqinisiweyo zekhonkrithi endaweni yekotoni okanye ngeefayibha ze-polypropylene zenze inkqubela ebonakalayo.
I-United States, iNtshona Yurophu yaqala ukusebenzisa ishishini lokwakha. Yongeza oomatshini bokusonta be-BCF, oomatshini bokusonta umoya kunye noomatshini bokusonta abadibeneyo kunye namalaphu angalukwanga kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokuvela kophuhliso olunyathelo ekusetyenzisweni kweendawo zokuhombisa kunye nezemizi-mveliso zefayibha ye-polypropylene lwanda ngakumbi.
Ukongeza kuphando nophuhliso lwe-polypropylene fiber oluqhutywa kwihlabathi liphela, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-fiber ehlukeneyo lusebenza kakhulu, nto leyo eye yandisa kakhulu intsimi yokusetyenziswa kwe-polypropylene fiber.Kuba i-polypropylene yaseTshayina ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, ayinatyhefu, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubushushu, ukumelana neekhemikhali;
I-Polypropylene ibe yenye yeenkampani zoyilo nophuhliso lwemveliso entsha ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nezisebenzayo phakathi kwee-resin ezintlanu eziphambili zokwenziwa ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi eTshayina ngenxa yeempawu zayo zenkcubeko ezifana nokulula kokuyicubungula, ubuchwepheshe, ukwenziwa kweeprototyping kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye neendleko.
I-Polypropylene ingasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zokupakisha ukutya, izinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla zasekhaya, iimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, iimpahla, ezolimo, ishishini leefayibha zamakhemikhali, izixhobo zenkonzo zonyango kunye noshishino ngokubanzi.
Ngowama-2004,
Umthamo wemveliso ye-polypropylene yehlabathi ufikelele kwi-42080kt, phakathi kwayo imveliso yefayibha eyi-12435kt, malunga ne-31.7%, ilizwe lethu likwalinqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho olukhawulezayo ngesantya semveliso ye-polypropylene.
I-polypropylene inantoni yokwenza nelaphu elitshiziweyo?
Imveliso ye-melting spray engalukwanga
I-Melt spray (i-melt blow molding) yinkqubo engalukwanga ekhutshwa yi-polymer. Yinto yokuhluza eyenziwe yi-US Navy ngo-1954 ukuze iqokelele amasuntswana e-radioactive kwiimvavanyo zenyukliya. Emva koko malunga no-1965, i-exxon, i-3M kunye nabanye bavelisa isizukulwana sokuqala sezixhobo ezingezizo ezolukwayo ze-melt spray.
Umgaqo wokucubungula i-nozzle orifice ukuhamba kwe-polymer encinci yomoya oshushu okhutshwa ngokunyibilika kunesantya esiphezulu ukuze kwenziwe i-superfine fiber okanye isikrini se-mesh sokuqina okuphezulu kunye ne-coalescing drum.
Izinto zokutshiza nge-fusion zizinto ezingalukwanga eziveliswa ngokutshiza nge-fusion ezinobukhulu obukhulu, kwaye ulungiselelo olungacwangciswanga noludibeneyo lweefayibha lwenza isakhiwo sedatha yetshaneli egobileyo yezinto zokutshiza nge-fusion. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho amasuntswana (i-coronavirus entsha yi-aerosol) anokubangela ukungqubana kwenkcubeko nezinye iifayibha aze abanjwe.
Iindlela zokuhluza iimaski zotyando kukusasazwa kombala omdaka, ukuvalelwa, ukungqubana kwe-inertia, ukufakwa kwamandla omhlaba kunye nokutsalwa kwe-electrostatic. Ezokuqala ezine zizinto ezibonakalayo, oko kukuthi, ilaphu elingalukwanga elenziwa ngendlela yokutshiza enyibilikayo linophawu lokuhluza malunga ne-35%; Oku akuhlangabezani neemfuno zeemaski zotyando. Kufuneka sidibanise izinto, sivumele ifayibha itshaje, kwaye sibambe i-coronavirus entsha kwi-aerosol ngombane ongashukumiyo.
Yintoni ilaphu lokutshiza elinyibilikisiweyo?
Luhlobo lwelaphu elingalukwanga eliqhumayo. Isizathu sokuba usoloko ubona igama lesihloko semaski "esitshiza ngokunyibilika" kwingxoxo kukuba uninzi lweemaski lufumana ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza ngokusebenzisa umaleko wespray.
Ngoko ke, ingxelo yomfundi ayichanekanga, i-polypropylene luhlobo lwezixhobo zokufunda, kwaye ilaphu lokutshiza elinyibilikisiweyo luhlobo lwelaphu elingalukwanga, ngokucacileyo ezi zimbini azilingani.
Enyanisweni, kukho ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kwezi zimbini, malunga ne-70% ukuya kwi-80% yemarike yenziwe nge-polypropylene. Iimaski eziqhelekileyo, zonke zenziwe nge-polypropylene. Kodwa okokuqala, ukuba imaski yenziwe nge-polypropylene, ubukho bayo abunyanzelekanga ukuba bube ngumaleko wokutshiza onyibilikisiweyo.
Ilaphu lokutshiza elinyibilikisiweyo liyintliziyo yemaski
Singanika umzekelo, imaski ye-N95 yamashishini ngokubanzi ukuba amkele isakhiwo senethiwekhi esineeleya ezininzi, esibizwa ngokuba sisakhiwo se-SMS: ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamacala amabini somaleko omnye one-spunbonded (S); Umbindi somaleko we-spray onyibilikisiweyo (M), ohlala wahlulwe waba ngumaleko omnye okanye ngeeleya ezininzi.
Ifilimu yobuso yeplane yi-PP spunbond melt spray PP spunbond eqhelekileyo, ikwangumaleko wefayibha emfutshane, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchukumisa ulusu. Iimaski zegoblet ezinemilinganiselo emithathu zihlala zisetyenziswa njenge-PET polyester enenaliti yomqhaphu + i-fused spray + i-needled cotton okanye i-PP spunbonded.
Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwahlula i-droplet yezigulane; Ilaphu elinganyangekiyo eliphakathi elinyangiweyo linokucoca, ukuzikhusela, ukufudumala kunye nokufunxwa kweoyile kakuhle, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yemaski. Umaleko ongaphakathi ngelaphu eliqhelekileyo elinganyangekiyo. Nangona umaleko odibeneyo (S) kunye nomaleko odibeneyo (M) wemaski zingamalaphu anganyangekiyo enziwe nge-polypropylene, inkqubo yemveliso yahlukile.
Phakathi kwazo, iiseli ezine-spunbonded fibrous kumacala omabini angaphakathi nangaphandle zinobukhulu obufanelekileyo, malunga ne-20 microns ububanzi. Iifayibha zomaleko we-fusion-spray ephakathi ngokubanzi zinobubanzi obuyi-2 microns kwaye zenziwe ngendlela ye-polypropylene composite material enokubizwa ngokuba yi-high-fusion-fat fibers.
Ngaphezulu malunga nokwaziswa kwe-polypropylene yokutshiza enyibilikayo, singabavelisi bezinto ezingezolukiweyo abaziingcali, iimveliso: ilaphu elingelolukiweyo leenaliti,ilaphu elingalukwanga elisontiweyo,ilaphu le-geotextile elingalukwanga, njl., wamkelekile ukubonisana!~
Ixesha lokuposa: Epreli-14-2020